미스 반 데어 로에의 릴 주택(Riehl House)의 유기적 공간에 대한 연구 = A Study on the Organic Space of Riehl House by Mies van der Rohe

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(Background and Purpose) Most studies on Mies van der Rohe have focused on his works after 1920s. Additionally, his early works were misunderstood as immature and disconnected to the architectural discourse of the time. However, this study aims to show that his early works reflected the discourse of European architecture on organicity at the time and that his way of achieving organicity was modern. Through this perspective, it is possible to understand Mies’ early works as a series of historical developments. (Method) The study subject is Mies' first commission project “Riehl House, 1907.” Its site condition, layout, spatial structure, and configuration are simple and clear enough to enable the analysis of his intentions. In addition, the client Alois Riehl had a profound influence on the formation of Mies’ architectural philosophy. The research method and sequence are as follows. First, the concept organicity, its prevalence in Europe, and its influence on Mies were examined. Next, the relationship with the client, building layout, plans, elevations, and photographs of Riehl House were analyzed to derive its organic characteristics. (Results) First, the site is long and sloped in the southwest-northeast direction. The building layout follows the dichotomous division between city and nature using the slope. On the city side, there is a garden on the top of the slope on southwest. This upper garden is leveled and has orthogonal configurations. It is closed to the urban surroundings. Another lower garden is located toward the natural area on northeast, and the topography there is preserved. With organic curves, it is informal and open to the surrounding landscape. Second, the northeast elevation wall, facing the natural area, is separated from the structural pillars and transforms into a non-bearing screen. Through this, a semi-external loggia is formed to refine transition between the indoor and outdoor spaces. Third, the walls on the site are parallel each other and layered from the city to nature, leading the spatial transition. Two transition spaces, the loggia and the central hall by the loggia, are inserted by deforming the layered walls. In this way, the transition between city and nature is organically integrated with the transition of indoor and outdoor spaces. (Conclusions) This study showed that Mies' early works reflected the discourse of the times, that is, it was based on organic architecture. In addition, while most of the organic architecture works of the time relied on pre-modern methods, the organicity of this house was achieved in a modern and spatial way through techniques such as creation of wall layers, separation of structure and elevation, manipulation of slopes, and insertion of transition spaces.

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