大韓帝國期 國家 視覺 象徵의 淵源과 變遷 = The Origins and Transition of National Visual Symbols During the Daehan Empire Period

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

During the modern transition period from the end of 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the Joseon/Daehan Empire established national symbols in the process of founding a modern nation. The symbols included a national flag, the most representative medium of symbolizing the nation visually ; stamps, a medium for overseas communication ; coins, in which a new design was inserted to be suitable for modern monetary economy ; and the westernization of uniforms for civil and military officials and medals, which visually indicated distinguished merit toward the nation. As national emblems were expressed repeatedly through these media, the visualization task of the modern nation rook shape.
The emblem designs appearing in common are revealed in the media which visualizes the nation. The T'aeguk design (太極), which is the icon that symbolizes the national flag ; the plum blossom (o-yat flower, 李花), extracted from the symbol of the royal family ; and the Rose of Sharon (mugungwha, 無窮花, 槿花), which symbolizes territory, represented the nation as they were used in common in various media. Although the emblems were established out of official necessity, their significance either grew or declined after gradually being accepted by the general public during the Daehan Empire Period and Japanese Colonial Period.
The T'aeguk-gi was first used in foreign diplomatic relationships in the 1880s. It gradually began to symbolize the nation domestically, replacing the dragon flag which had symbolized the king during the Joseon Dynasty Era. The T'aeguk, the center emblem of the T'aeguk-gi, was recognized as a national symbol (國標) in the medal ordinance proclaimed in 1900. The T'aeguk was used in various places including stamps, medals and official documents, As T'aeguk-gi had set the position as symbol of nation after the invasion of external influence became intensified since 1900s, it was selected as the national Rag of temporary government and the Republic of Korea after independence.
The Rose of Sharon first appeared in 1892 as a leaf and branch on coins. The flower design became used as the main decoration when embroidered gold laced uniforms as Western style civil uniforms were selected during the Daehan Empire Period. It was used in the medal design of Ja'eungjang (紫鷹章). It was even more deeply engraved as a symbol of territory when the Mugungwha Planting Movement arose in the 1920s along with the loss of national sovereignty. It was formally selected as the national flower after independence.
On the other hand, the plum blossom was used as a national emblem in various forms of media along with the T'aeguk at first. It had been officially announced as a national emblem (國文) in the medal ordinance and also served as a symbol for royal families. But its significance was gradually reduced to the symbol of the royal family after 1905, with its significance limited to representing the Lee Dynasty after 1910, when it was no longer recognized as a national symbol.
The hawk (鷹) decoration started from the admonitory address of Seong Kye Lee, the first king of the Joseon Dynasty, and was used in the Ja'eungjang (a purple hawk medal awarded to military officers), a coin issued in 1901, and stamp issued in 1903, The hawk decoration was used as an image representing the emperor and originated by combining a symbol for bravery and emblem of emperor authority in d1e West.
The media in which visual symbols of nations are expressed can become the beginning of modern designs in various fields and can also become a stepping stone for understanding the process in which design is formed during the modern transition period.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 근대 국가의 수립과 국가 상징 문양의 도입
• Ⅱ. 太極 : 國標에서 저항의 상징으로
• Ⅲ. 오얏꽃[李花]: 國文에서 李王家 문장으로
• Ⅳ. 무궁화[槿花] : 국토의 상징에서 나라꽃으로
• Ⅴ. 독수리에서 매로 : 황제 상징 도상의 형성
• Ⅵ. 맺음말
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT

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