만재흘수선 : Plimsoll mark인가 Hall mark인가? = Load line : Plimsoll mark or Hall mark?

국문 초록 (Abstract)

오늘날 선박의 ‘만재흘수선’은 ‘플림솔 마크’로 불린다. 이는 만재흘수선 입법 운동을 주도했던 플림솔의 공적을 기리기 위한 것이다. 그러나 플림솔 이전에 제임스 홀이 만재흘수선 제정 청원 운동을 시작했다는 점에서 ‘플림솔 마크’를 ‘홀 마크’로 불러야 한다는 주장도 나오고 있다.
이 글에서는 19세기 중후반 영국에서 만재흘수선 제정의 사회적 배경으로 해운 현황을 살펴보고, 제임스 홀과 사무엘 플림솔의 행적을 비교해 봄으로써 만재흘수선을 ‘플림솔 마크’로 부르는 것이 정당한 것인지를 평가해 보고자 했다. 제임스 홀의 공적 사회 활동은 모두 자신의 사업과 긴밀하게 연계된 일들이었다. 따라서 제임스 홀이 만재흘수선 도입을 주장했던 것은 박애주의적인 소산에서 비롯되었다기보다는 선주이자 해상보험회사 경영자로서 이해관계를 고려했을 개연성이 크다.
이에 반해 플림솔은 해운과는 아무 이해관계가 없었다. 비록 방법이 다소 거칠고 사실을 호도하기도 했지만, 그는 선원들의 죽음을 애도했고, 악덕 선주들에게 분노했다. 플림솔의 ‘소동’과 캠페인의 결과로 제정된 1875년 만재흘수선은, 선주 자신이 원하는 대로 표시할 수 있었다는 점에서 플림솔이 원한 것이 아니었고, 결함이 있었던 것도 사실이다. 하지만 근대해운업 역사상 최초로 만재흘수선을 입법화했다는 점에서 ‘플림솔의 공적’이었다. 이런 점에서 만재흘수선을 ‘플림솔 마크’로 부르는 것은 여전히 유효하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The ‘load line’, which marks the maximum allowable loading of cargo on a ship, is today called the ‘Plimsoll mark’. This is to commemorate Plimsoll’s contributions in leading the campaign for enacting the load line in the 1870s. However, prior to Plimsoll’s movement, James Hall, a shipowner of Tynemouth, led the petition for the introduction of the load line, and had provided Plimsoll with the information and data on the load line. Considering these, some argue that the Plimsoll mark should be called ‘Hall mark’.
This paper presents the real situation of shipping industry in the UK as the social background of the establishment of the load line in the mid-to-late 19th century(section II), and compares the activities of James Hall(section III) and Samuel Plimsoll(section IV), who took the lead in the movement to enact the load line. Section V evaluates whether it is appropriate to call the load line ‘the Plimsoll mark’. Hall’s social activities, such as the abolition of light due, the foundation of the Tribunal of Commerce, and the establishment of floating institution, were all closely related to his own business. It is more likely that Hall’s advocacy for the introduction of the load line was not purely philanthropist, but rather considered his interests as a shipowner and a director of marine insurance companies.
In contrast, Plimsoll had no interest in shipping business. Although his way was somewhat rough and misleading the truth, he purely mourned the death of the sailors, sympathized with the families’ grief, and was angry with the immoral shipowners. It is true that the load line of 1875, which was enacted in accordance with Plimsoll’s agitation and campaign, was not what he wanted in that the shipowners could mark it as he wished, and it was flawed. However, it was ‘Plimsoll’s achievement’ in that it was the first in the history of modern shipping industry to enact the load line. In this respect, it is still valid to call the load line the ‘Plimsoll mark’.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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