스포츠 상황에서의 코칭방식이 선수들의 심리적 욕구만족, 정신력, 그리고 소진에 미치는 영향 = Influence of Coaching Styles on Athletes’ Psychological Need Satisfaction, Mental Toughness, and Burnout in Sport Context

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 스포츠 상황에서 코치의 코칭방식(coaching styles; Ntoumanis, Quested, Reeve, & Cheon, in press)이 선수들의 심리적 욕구만족, 정신력, 그리고 소진에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 검증하였다. 서울 소재 대학교에 재학 중인 학생선수들(n=139)을 대상으로 연구에 대한 동의를 구하고 설문조사를 진행하였다. 수집된 자료를 통해 상관분석과 경로분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 코치의 자율성지지 방식은 학생선수들의 심리적 욕구만족에 긍정적으로 영향을 미쳤으며, 통제적 코칭방식은 심리적 욕구만족에 부정적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 자율성지지 방식에 의해서 영향을 받은 심리적 욕구만족은 정신력과 정적 관련성을 보였으며, 통제적 코칭행동은 학생선수들의 소진과 정적 관련성을 지닌 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, Bootstrap을 이용한 간접효과의 유의성을 검증한 결과에서도 자율성지지 방식은 정신력에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 선수들의 심리적 욕구만족은 코치의 자율성지지 방식으로부터 충족될 수 있으며, 심리적 욕구만족은 통제적 코칭방식에 의해서 감소(불만족) 될 수 있음을 보여준다. 결과적으로 스포츠 상황에서 운동선수의 심리적 욕구만족은 정신력을 강화시키고, 정신력은 소진을 감소시키기 때문에 심리적 욕구만족에 큰 영향을 미치는 코치의 역할이 중요하다는 사실을 알 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the present study, we examined the effect of coaching behavior (i. e., autonomy support and controlling coaching behavior) on athletes’psychological needs, mental toughness and burnout in sport. Data were collected from 139 collegiate student-athletes, which were analyzed by correlation and path analysis. The results showed that coach’s autonomy support positively predicted the basic psychological need (BPN) than controlled coaching style. BPN also positively predicted the mental toughness, whereas, controlling coaching behavior positively predicted burnout of the athletes. The results demonstrated that mental toughness are possibly dependent on coach motivating styles and BPN. The findings showed that the BPN facilitated by autonomy supporting behavior of coach plays an important role in the development of mental toughness, and positive outcomes in sport.

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