Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice using response surface methodology

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background: The present study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to maximize extraction yields of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice.


Methods: The optimal extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2), and methanol concentration (X3) were identified using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the optimal processing parameters.


Results: Statistical analyses revealed that three variables and the quadratic of X1, X2, and X3 had significant effects on the yields and were followed by significant interaction effects between the variables of X2 and X3 (p < 0.01). A 3D response surface plot and contour plots derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 69 °C; extraction time, 34 min; and methanol concentration, 57%. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of glycyrrhizic acid was 3.414%, which agreed closely with the predicted value (3.406%).


Conclusion: The experimental values agreed with those predicted by RSM models, thus indicating the suitability of the model employed and the success of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Rostagno MA, "Ultrasound-assisted extraction of soy isoflavones" 1012 : 119-128, 2003

2 Wang XS, "Ultrasound-assisted extraction of geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides" 19 : 1155-1159, 2012

3 Mason TJ, "The uses of ultrasound in food technology" 3 : S253-S260, 1996

4 Wu YP, "Simultaneous quantitative determination of nine active chemical compositions in traditional Chinese medicine Glycyrrhiza by RP-HPLC with full-time five-wavelength fusion method" 41 : 211-219, 2013

5 Wang YC, "Simultaneous quantification of flavonoids and triterpenoids in licorice using HPLC" 850 : 392-399, 2007

6 Minglei Tian, "Simultaneous Extraction and Separation of Liquiritin, Glycyrrhizic Acid, and Glabridin from Licorice Root with Analytical and Preparative Chromatography" 한국생물공학회 13 (13): 671-676, 2008

7 Abdollahi Y, "Semi-empirical study of ortho-cresol photo degradation in manganese-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles suspensions" 6 : 88-95, 2012

8 Muralidhar RV, "Racemic resolution of RS-baclofen using lipase from Candida cylindracea" 66 : 227-232, 2001

9 Zhang LL, "Optimizing ultrasonic ellagic acid extraction conditions from infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea using response surface methodology" 15 : 7923-7932, 2010

10 Banik RM, "Optimizing conditions for oleanolic acid extraction from Lantana camara roots using response surface methodology" 27 : 241-248, 2008

11 Bimakr M, "Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of crude oil from winter melon (Benincasahispida) seed using response surface methodology and evaluation of its antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and fatty acid composition" 17 : 11748-11762, 2012

12 Zou TB, "Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from mulberry, using response surface methodology" 12 : 3006-3017, 2011

13 Hossain MB, "Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from marjoram (Origanummajorana L.) using response surface methodology" 19 : 582-590, 2012

14 Zhong K, "Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides from dried longan pulp using response surface methodology" 80 : 19-25, 2010

15 Liu Y, "Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of phenolic compounds from Euryale ferox seed shells using response surface methodology" 49 : 837-843, 2013

16 Renjie L, "Optimization of extraction process of Glycyrrhiza glabra polysaccharides by response surface methodology" 74 : 858-861, 2008

17 Liyana-Pathirana C, "Optimization of extraction of phenolic compounds from wheat using response surface methodology" 93 : 47-56, 2005

18 Wang X, "Optimisation of ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Sparganii rhizoma with response surface methodology" 20 : 846-854, 2012

19 Gan CY, "Optimisation of the solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from Parkia speciosa pod using response surface methodology" 124 : 1277-1283, 2011

20 Bas D, "Modeling and optimization I: Usability of response surface methodology" 78 : 836-845, 2007

21 Dong J, "Investigation on ultrasound-assisted extraction of salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza root" 17 : 61-65, 2010

22 Zhao S, "Investigation on ultrasound assisted extraction of saikosaponins from Radix Bupleuri" 55 : 307-312, 2007

23 Tanahashi T, "Glycyrrhizic acid suppresses type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in vivo" 80 : 441-447, 2002

24 Cai W, "Extraction, purification, and characterization of the polysaccharides from Opuntia milpa alta" 71 : 403-410, 2008

25 Yang B, "Extraction optimization of bioactive compounds (crocin, geniposide and total phenolic compounds) from Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) fruits with response surface methodology" 10 : 610-615, 2009

26 Morelli LL, "Extraction optimization for antioxidant phenolic compounds in red grape jam using ultrasound with a response surface methodology" 19 : 1144-1149, 2012

27 Charpe TW, "Extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice root using ultrasound: process intensification studies" 54 : 37-41, 2012

28 Tian M, "Extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin from licorice" 9 : 571-577, 2008

29 Yang L, "Development of sample preparation method for isoliquiritigenin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid analysis in licorice by ionic liquids-ultrasound based extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography detection" 138 : 173-179, 2013

30 Wang QE, "Development of multi-stage countercurrent extraction technology for the extraction of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch)" 21 : 285-292, 2004

31 Hashemi P, "Development of a simple device for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with lighter than water organic solvents:isolation and enrichment of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice" 655 : 60-65, 2009

32 Prasad KN, "Determination and optimization of flavonoid and extract yield from Brown Mango using response surface methodology" 47 : 73-80, 2012

33 Tao W, "Comparison of three officinal Chinese pharmacopoeia species of Glycyrrhiza based on separation and quantification of triterpenesaponins and chemometrics analysis" 141 : 1681-1689, 2013

34 Gupta S, "Chromolithic method development, validation and system suitability analysis of ultra-sound assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra" 7 : 991-994, 2012

35 Xu Q, "Application of response surface methodology to optimise extraction of flavonoids from fructus sophorae" 138 : 2122-2129, 2013

36 Quanhong L, "Application of response surface methodology for extraction optimization of germinant pumpkin seeds protein" 92 : 701-706, 2005