환경분쟁조정의 실효성 분석: 재정결정 불복사건의 법원 제소를 중심으로 = Analysis of the Effectiveness of Environmental Disputes Adjustment: Focused on the Litigation of Failed Arbitration Cases in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this empirical study was to analyze the effectiveness of the environmental disputes adjustment system and whether it could possibly replace traditional litigation. To accomplish the purpose, decisions from the National Environmental Dispute Resolution Commission (NEDRC) and from the court were compared, for the failed arbitration cases that were eventually litigated in the court. The study used two criteria, the stability of the adjustment and the efficiency of the adjustment process, to analyze the effectiveness of the NEDRC's case handling. First, in terms of stability, around 70 percent of the final decisions made by NEDRC were maintained by the court without any amendment. However, the court made different judgments from the Commission for the rest of the cases, due to unlawful environmental destructions and lack of evidence to show a causal relationship with damage compensation. Second, the cost of the process and the length of time to handle each case between the Commission and the court were compared, in order to calculate the efficiency of the adjustment process. The analysis revealed that NEDRC spent much less time and money than the court.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 환경분쟁조정제도가 법원소송을 대체할 수 있을 만큼의 효과가 있는지를 실증적으로 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 중앙환경분쟁조정위원회의 재정결정에 불복하여 법원에 제소한 분쟁사건을 중심으로 위원회와 법원 간에 결정사항을 비교하였다. 특히, 환경분쟁조정의 성과에 초점을 두어 위원회 결정의 안정성과 조정과정의 효율성을 중심으로 분석하였다. 분석결과를 보면, 첫째 결정의 안정성 측면에서 위원회에서 내린 최종결정이 법원에서도 인용되어 결정내용이 유지되는 경우가 70%이었다. 그 외 30% 사건은 환경피해에 대한 위법성과 손해배상에 대한 인과관계를 입증할 증거부족 등을 사유로 법원에서 위원회 결정과 다른 판단을 하였다. 둘째, 조정과정의 효율성 측면에서 동일 사건을 대상으로 위원회와 법원 사용시 소요되는 처리기간과 비용을 비교했는데, 위원회가 법원보다 분쟁사건 처리기간이 빠르고, 비용도 적은 것으로 나타났다.

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