기독교 相談의 심리학적 기저 = The psychological base of christian counseling

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Form the discussion of the preceding chapters, we have studied how psychology influences to Christian counseling, that is, relevance and integration between Christianity and psychology. Then, how do we deal with psychology in Christian counseling? As we studied this subject in chapter IV, Christian have generally four opinions about acceptance of psychological studies in Christian counseling. Now we are trying to criticize the four opinions, namely, four models of relevance and integration between Christianity and psychology.
First of all, advocates of Separate But Equal model believe that scripture deals with spritual and theological problems involving Christian belief and practice. It is felt that many areas of legitimate concern, such as medical, dental and psychological disorder, fall outside the range of uniquely Christian responsiblity and should be dealt with by qualified professionals. But psychological malfunctions usually consist of or stem from problems like quilt, anxiety, resentment, uncontrolled appetites, lack of self-acceptance, feelings of personal unworthiness, insecurity, wrong priorities and self-ishness. Even the most casual reading of Scripture quickly reveals that it has a great deal to say about these sorts of problems.
Perhaps a derailed understanding of how these problems interact to produce psychological symptoms is something which psychology can help us understand Letter. But without question the kinds of problems which constitute the substance of emotional disorders are difficulties to which Bible speaks. To create a wall between Scripture and psychology and to assume that the two disciplines are Separate But Equal, each dealing with different problem areas, must be rejected firmly as an inaccurate reflection of biblical content. Separate But Equal fails to recognize the relevance of Scripture to psychological problems.
Secondly, the critical problem with the Tossed Salad model is a de-emphasis on the need for a careful screening of every secular concept in the light of Christian presuppositions. Because psychology grows out of a set of presuppositions which are violently antagonistic to Scripture, a model which fails to deliberately scrutinize secular concepts open the door to a synthesis of contradictory ideas. The Bible assumes that there is absolute truth. Whatever contradicts truth is false. Scripture absolutely refuses to accomodate concepts which are in any way inconsistent with each other. Whenever we mix concept springing from opposed philosophical positions, we are in danger of moving off our presuppositionary base.
However, the first priority of responsible integration efforts is to develop a strategy for evaluating secular psychology in the light of Scripture. Tossed Salad adds scriptural concept to psychological thinking rather than begin with Scripture and cautiously scrutinize psychological concept in the light of biblical presuppositions. Therefore Tossed Salad model fails to emphasize enough the critical and prior job of screening.
Thirdly, Nothing Butterists neatly handle the problem of integration by disregarding psychology altogether. Their basic tenet is Nothing But Grace, Nothing But christ, Nothing But Faith, Nothing But the Word. We too believe in the sufficiency of Christ for every need of man, but we don't believe we are denying. His sufficiency when we accept secular thinking which in no way contradicts the revelation of christ in His word. Nothing Butterists return us to responsibility, quilt, sin, and the atoning work of christ. For that we gladly thank them.
At this stage in our thinking we take issue with Nothing Butterist colleagues primary on two grounds:(1) their insistence that psychology has nothing to offer and (2) what counseling in their model so easily reduce to - identify sin and command change. The implication is that counseling is no more complicated than finding wrong behaviors, instructing people on what they should do differently, and planning, exhorting, and demanding appropriate change.
To assert that counseling is simply a matter of finding sin and exhorting change conveys a simplistic approach which fails to reflect the essential dynamics of Christianity and which does not fit the realistic demands of counseling situations. The thoroughly qualified biblical counselor is one who draws upon true knowledge wherever he can find it and one who know how to approach the unique individual before him to reach him with that truth. We therefore question Nothing Buttery in two areas: (1) it discredits all knowledge from secular sources as trained and unneeded and (2) it tends to reduce the complex interaction of two persons to a simplistic "identify-confront-change"model.
Fourthly, Spoiling the Egyptians is an appropriate approach to integration which in our minds strikes a needed balance between the unintended carelessness of Tossed Salad and overreaction or Nothing Buttery. Tossed Salad correctly assumes that secular psychology has something to offer but does not pay enough attention to possible mingling of contradictory presuppositions. Nothing Butterists appropriately demand that every bit of Christian counseling be thoroughly consist with biblical revelation but throw out all psychology, including those elements which are (perhaps accidentally) consistent with Scripture.
The job of careful screening is no easy matter. In spite of the best of intentions to remain biblical, it is frighteningly easy to admit concept into our thinking which compromise biblical content. The all-too-common but disastrous result is that we tend to look at Scripture through the eyeglasses of psychology when the critical need is to look at psychology through the glasses of Scripture. Spoling the Eyptians is therefore a delicate and risky task, appropriate for the Christian and sanctioned by God but by no means free of real danger. But we can profit from secular psychology if we carefully screen our concepts to determine their compatablity with Christian presuppositions.
A Christian who has spoiled the Egyptians of secular psychology, carefully weeding out the element, which oppose his commitment to the revelation of Scripture, will be better equipped to counsel than either the Tossed Salad counselor who mixes concepts as they seem called for or the Nothing Butterist counselor who refuses to benefit from the insights of secular study.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 상담에 대한 일반적 이해
• 1. 상담의 정의
• 2. 상담의 방법
• 3. 일반상담과 기독교상담의 비교
• 4. 상담자의 자질과 책임
• Ⅲ. 성경적 인간이해
• 1. 창조된 인간관
• 2. 타락된 인간관
• 3. 구속된 인간관
• Ⅳ. 기독교의 심리학적 연구의 수용태도
• 1. 분리동등형(Separate But Equal)
• 2. 혼합형(Tossed Salad)
• 3. 심리학무시형(Nothing Buttery)
• 4. 부분일치형(Spoiling the Egypians)
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract