해양포유류 보호를 위한 수중 소음 관리 제도 도입 방안 = A Study on the Legal Frame to Manage Anthropogenic Underwater Noise for Marine Mammal Protection in Korean Waters

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Increased human activities in the marine environments have caused the increase of anthropogenic underwater noise in the oceans. Many countries are concerning about the harmful effects on marine mammals derived from the noise, and have legal frame to manage the negative noise effects on the marine environments. Korean government is planning to construct large offshore wind farms off the west and south coast of Korean peninsula and around Jeju island. There has been no laws and policies about the underwater noise management to protect marine mammals in Korea. This paper reviewed the guidelines by U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to assess the effects of anthropogenic sound on marine mammal hearing, and assessed the impacts from the construction of wind farms off Jeju island on the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins inhabiting the area. Finally the recommendations to establish proper legal frame for the management of the underwater noise in Korean waters are given.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

해양에서 인간 활동 증가로 인해 수중 소음 또한 크게 증가했으며, 대한민국 정부는 해상 풍력 발전 산업을 미래 유망 산업으로 규정하고 그 규모를 확대할 예정이다.
하지만 건설 및 운영 단계에서 발생하는 소음 에 대한 법적 관리 체제는 전무한 실정이다.
건설 공사 등으로 발생하는 강한 수중 소음은 어류를 비롯한 해양생물의 행동과 생리 등에 변화를 일으키고 심할 경우 청각 기관 등에 물리적 손상을 일으키기도 한다.
특히, 소리를 수중 이동 감각, 개체간 소통 및 먹이 활동을 위해 사용하는 해양포유류, 특히, 고래류는 주변의 소음에 크게 영향을 받기 때문에 많은 국가들이 수중 소음에 대한 규제를 실시하고 있다.
본 논문에서는 미국의 해양포유류 보호를 위한 수중 소음 관리 제도를 검토한 뒤, 제주도 풍력 발전 단지 건설과 운용에 따른 수중 소음이 남방큰돌고래에 끼치게 될 영향을 예측하고, 이를 바탕으로 대한민국의 수중 소음 관리 방안에 대한 제안을 한다.

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