Jaulung Wismar Saragih's contextual theology : a public theological and biographical reconstruction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this research is to reconstruct Jaulung Wismar Saragih's contextual theology through a public theological perspective and to examine its contribution to contemporary Simalungun-Indonesian pluralistic contexts. This study contends that Jaulung's theological thought embodied Indonesian public theology on issues such as theological translation, cultural identity, gender emancipation, local theological metaphors, empowerment theology, and the role of the church in public progress in the context of religious pluralism and human flourishing. This study reconstructs Jaulung's contextual theology within the framework of public theology from a historical, biographical, and theological perspective. The research grew out of the realization that there has been very little research on Jaulung's contextual theology as the first Simalugun theologian and Indonesia's first local Bible translator. The research argues that engaging Jaulung's contextual theology has the potential to advance a viable postcolonial public theology in Indonesia.
The central question of this research is “How can we analyze Jaulung's biographical and contextual theology to articulate a meaningful public theology for the contemporary postcolonial Indonesian context?” The results show that Jaulung's contextual theology was about reforming the three publics: church, academia, and society at large. His theology is concerned with theological issues such as the theology of religion, human empowerment, gender, resistance, and the reconstruction of public knowledge. The implication of the research is a call to reconstruct public theology in more critical, creative, and transformative ways.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Chapter One: Introduction 1
• 1.1. Background 1
• 1.2. Literature Review 5
• 1.3. Research Motivation 13
• 1.4. Structure of the Thesis 21
• Chapter Two: A Public Theological Imagination 24
• 2.1. The Emerging and Development of Public Theology 24
• 2.2. On the Definition of Public Theology 28
• 2.3. Public Theological Method 31
• Summary 34
• Chapter Three: Jaulung Wismar Saragih’s Simalungun: A Socio-Political and Historical Reconstruction (1888-1968) 36
• 3.1. The Socio-Cultural Settings of Simalungun 36
• 3.1.1. Structure of Simalungun Social Classes 42
• 3.1.2. Simalungun Philosophy of Life 45
• 3.1.3. Migration of Other Tribes to Simalungun 51
• 3.2. Simalungun’s Political-Economic Contexts 55
• 3.2.1. Political Colonialization 57
• 3.2.2. Indonesia’s Independence and Socio-Cultural Revolution in
• Simalungun 61
• 3.3. Jaulung in the Global Colonial-Christian Mission Contexts 63
• 3.3.1. Jaulung, Barmen Seminary and Sipoholon Seminary in Indonesia 65
• 3.3.2. Jaulung and Contextual Theology in Global Background 67
• 3.4. Foundational Contextual Theologians in Indonesia 71
• 3.4.1. Indonesia’s Theological Seminary and Theological Resources 71
• 3.4.2. Indonesian Proto-Theologians 73
• Summary 77
• Chapter Four: Jaulung Wismar Saragih’s The Marmalu Spirit: A Biographical Reconstruction 79
• 4.1. The Spirit of Marmalu in Jaulung's Five Visions 79
• 4.2. Jaulung’s Biography and Spirit of Marmalu 83
• 4.3. Jaulung’s Fivefold Theological-Biographical Vision 100
• 4.3.1. The Centrality of Jesus 103
• 4.3.2. Prosperous Simalungun Society 111
• 4.3.3. Education for Modernization 115
• 4.3.4. A Quest for A Just and Equitable Society 118
• 4.3.5. Freedom and Dignity 123
• Summary 126
• Chapter Five: Jaulung Wismar Saragih’s Contextual Theology: A Public Theological Reconstruction 128
• 5.1. Jaulung’s Idea of God: “Naibata do namatorasta” [God Is Our Parents] 129
• 5.1.1. God Speaks Simalungun Language 135
• 5.1.2. Vernacular-Indigenous Metaphors 139
• 5.1.3. Christianity as a Site of Struggle for Cultural Identity 142
• 5.2. God Is Expressed through Gender Equality 153
• 5.3. Human Empowerment 162
• 5.4. Theological Response to Public Politics and Economic Issues 167
• 5.5. Critical Analysis on Jaulung’s Contextual Theology 171
• Summary 173
• Chapter Six: Implications for Public Theology in Postcolonial Indonesia 174
• 6.1. Functional-Incarnation as Public Discourse 175
• 6.2. Theology of Religions 179
• 6.3. Theology of Public Knowledge 187
• 6.4. Theology of Gender 194
• 6.5. Theology of Resistance 200
• Summary 205
• Chapter Seven: General Conclusion 206
• 7.1. Recapitulation 206
• 7.1.1. Significance of Study and Contribution to Knowledge 210
• 7.1.2. Suggestions for Future Research 211
• 7.2. Conclusion 212
• Bibliography 214
• Abstract In Korean 238