전북지방 원삼국시대 주거지 연구 = A study on dwelling site of the Proto-Three Kingdoms Age from the Jeonbuk Province

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT


A study on dwelling site of the Proto-Three Kingdoms Age
from the Jeonbuk Province


Kim, Eun-jung
Major in Archaeology
Department of Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology
Graduate school,
Jeonbuk National University


This study is to know the distribution of dwelling site and chronology developed in Jeonbuk Province in the Proto-Three Kingdoms Age at the view of time and space. For the study, Jeonbuk province is divided into four regional groups: the middle stream of Geum River, the lower stream of Geum River, the western area of Jeonbuk, and the eatern area of Jeonbuk. As a result, the dwelling site of Jeonbuk area in the Proto-Three Kingdoms Age can be classified into three periods and they showed unique developing aspects at the view of time and space. In particular, the water system of Geum River and Guemnam/Homam Jeongmaek are the primary factors that the dwelling sites of two areas were developed in different ways.
The period ？T is from the early second to the early third century. The dwelling sizes of the time are small and medium sizes, but most of them are small sizes. The most of holed-floor pillar style is none-holed pillar type, and the four-holed pillar type dwellings are found at the late of period ？T.
The period ？U is from the early third to the middle of fourth century. In the case of the plane form dwellings, both round and square shapes are found, but the round shape dwellings decreased rapidly compared with period I. The great number of dwelling sizes are medium and large sizes, and the placement of floor-holed pillar style are both none-holed pillar and four-holed pillar types but the rate of four-holed pillar type is higher. Due to the appearance and development of four-holed pillar type dwellings, its size got larger and larger.
The period ？V is from the middle fourth to the middle fifth century. Most of the dwellings are square shapes, round shapes are hardly found. The size of dwelling is similar to the period ？U. The placements of pillar are none-holed pillar and four-holed pillar types, but the majority of them are four-holed pillar types. In case of the remains, new shapes of pottery are appeared and the feature of the existing pottery is changed. In addition, pottery became hardened and it started to appear new patterns at high rate. This aspect can be apprehended by advance of Paekje's influence.
Moreover, the dwelling site of Jeonbuk area in the Proto-Three Kingdoms Age have shown a little different developing change based on a point of sameness.
Firstly, depends on the plane form, the round shape dwellings had started to be spread in the middle stream of Geum River and the eastern area of Jeonbuk, and square shape dwellings were generally distributed in the lower stream of Geum River and the western area of Jeonbuk. It is understood that both square shape dwellings settled the central area and the cultural factor of round shape dwellings are coexisted and they split in the west and the east crossing the Guemnam/Homam Jeongmaek. After that, the culture of round shape dwellings was spread to the south coast along Sumjin River and Boseong River, and the culture of square shape dwellings had large scale settlements in the process of spreading to the southern area of Gochang. Besides, square shape dwellings of four-holed were expanded to the eastern area of Jeonbuk after the fourth century. In the lower stream of Geum River, however, round shape dwellings were not found, only none-holed pillar type dwellings were continually existed. It can be inferred to the lack of excavation data, but it is presumed to be the aspect of regional feature because they are concentrated on in the lower stream of Geum River, Gunsan, Iksan, Seocheon and so on. After the mid-fourth century, the square shape dwellings of four-holed were discovered at the Seokkyo-ri site in Gochang and the Gwancheong-ri/Sinwol-ri site in Jeongeup. Paekje remains are excavated in those sites. But these have the feature of square shape dwellings of four-holed at the structural phase. This phenomenon is comprehended that the interference of Jeonbuk area was affected by the influence of Paekje, but they used existing dwelling system. In the same way, Paekje remains are found in the square shape dwelling of none-holed after the mid-fourth century.
The appearance of the square shape dwellings of four-holed brought about the difference to aboriginal dwelling groups, the square shape dwellings of none-holed. That is, square shape dwelling of four-holed was becoming medium and large sizes, and it led the development of constructional technique with positive acceptance of Byukkoo and Long Oval-Chamber. Likewise, it is presumed the rank between groups or in groups through the honored remains excavated near the tomb-remains and in the dwelling site.
During the Bronze Age, most of the everyday utensils were made out of stones. This study analyzed stone daggers of the Bronze Age unearthed from the Geum River basin. In order to clarify the different usages of these daggers those used as living utensils and that were unearthed from settlement sites were analyzed separately from those used in ceremonies, which were unearthed from tombs.
The stone daggers unearthed from settlement sites were mainly used for cutting or chopping. More than 90percent of the daggers being unearthed from settlement sites around the Geum River basin are fragments, and 77percent of these fragments include the cutting edge of the dagger. This can serve as evidence that the people of this region used edges in their stone daggers during the Bronze Age.
The remains that are being unearthed from settlement sites around the Geum River basin can be divided into the following types: daggers without a part of the body, including the point; daggers without a part of the handle; and daggers without a part of the body and a part of the handle. Of these, daggers without a part of the body and a part of the handle make up 43percent and daggers without a part of the body make up 48percent. However, daggers with bodies but missing a part of the handle make up only 9percent, which means that they are rare and hard to find, perhaps because it is uncommon for these daggers to lose their handles, while, on the other hand, the much-used body of the daggers usually is worn out and gets lost.
Most of the dagger fragments unearthed from settlement sites are from the body of the dagger. This is significant because it indicates that even though the dagger was damaged, as long as its main part, the edge, existed, the stone dagger could be re-used, without being discarded, through reprocessing the edge. The analysis concludes that the stone daggers unearthed from settlement sites around the Geum River basin were produced for daily usage. Furthermore, it can be inferred that the stone daggers were important living utensils to such an extent that they were repaired and reprocessed when they were damaged.
More than 90percent of the stone daggers being unearthed from tombs around the Geum River basin are in complete form. These complete daggers can be classified into Ia,？Tb,？Ua,？Ub,？Va,？Vb,？Wa,？Wb,？Xa,？Xb types with the handle as the standard. ？Ta․？Va types make up most of the stone daggers unearthed from the dolmen and 79percent of these do not have a ridgeline in the handle. The daggers unearthed from the dolmen are mostly distributed along the upper reaches of the Geum River. On the other hand, the daggers unearthed from Songgungni-type tombs and pit tombs with stone covers are mostly ？Ub․？Wb types and 60percent of these are represented by a ridgeline in the handle, which is different from the articles unearthed from the dolmen. The daggers unearthed from stone cist tombs and Songgungni-type tombs are different from the articles unearthed from the dolmen, even with respect to their distribution along the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River.
The results of the analysis show that there is a difference between the stone daggers unearthed from settlement sites andfrom tombs. This result indicates that the usage of the stone daggers depended on whether they were used as living utensils or in ceremonies. Furthermore, with respect to the stone daggers being unearthed from tombs, the study was able to confirm a difference between those unearthed from the dolmen and from the Songgungni-type tombs. The analysis proved that the above result was based on the cultural difference between the dolmen culture group and the Songgungni-type culture group, which co-existed around the Geum River basin.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• - ？？ ？？ -
• ABSTRACT
• ？T. 머리말 1
• 1. 연구사 3
• 2. 연구목적 및 방법 5
• ？U. 주거유적의 분포 10
• 1. 금강중류 지역 13
• 2. 금강하류 지역 18
• 3. 전북서부 지역 22
• 4. 전북동부 지역 28
• ？V. 주거유적의 분석 30
• 1. 입지 30
• 2. 구조 32
• 1) 평면형태 33
• 2) 규모 36
• 3) 주공 38
• 4) 노지 40
• 5) 벽구시설 43
• 6) 장타원형수혈 45
• 3. 출토유물 47
• 1) 기종별 검토 48
• 2) 경도 56
• 3) 문양 58
• ？W. 분기설정 및 편년 62
• 1. 1기 63
• 2. 2기 64
• 3. 3기 66
• ？X. 전북지방 원삼국시대 주거지의 시공간적 전개양상 69
• 1. 금강중류 지역 69
• 2. 금강하류 지역 70
• 3. 전북서부 지역 71
• 4. 전북동부 지역 72
• ？Y. 맺음말 76
• ？？？l？뜩？ 78