청말(淸末) 중국(中國)의 무장호국운동(武裝護國運動) －한말(韓末) 의병운동(義兵運動)과의 비교(比較) 시론(試論)－ = Armed Defense Movement for Country in late Ch'ing China －A Comparative Research with Righteous Army of the Late Han Korea－

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The period from the end of 19th century to the early 20th century in Korea was an age of great renovation in which the change of traditional order was caused by foreign power's invasion. Not only western civilizations penetrated into Korean society in large scale through opened door, but the change in conventional values, the attempt of political reform and radical social changes were occurred. Above all, the encroachment of country by foreign powers were the most painful. The invasions by foreign powers into the country were very shocking to our country as well as to China. And various ways of responses to the invasions were tried and made, such as reform movement for modernization, sense of crisis that even all nation might be plundered, and righteous army movement by volunteers to resist militarily against the foreign invasions.
In China, besides modernization movement modeling on western civilizations, there were also developed conventionalist resisting movement against western powers after door was opened by the Opium War in 1840. When there were western military invasions, military resistances were made not only by official army but also by peoples of volunteer armed for themselves. People's movement is generally named 'righteous uprising(起義)' in China. And there are plenty of cases which can be called righteous army movement among righteous uprisings in China in late 19th century.
There are some differences between righteous army movement of late Han Korea and armed defense movement of late Ch'ing China, which can be said to result from the historical and geographical differences between two nations. On the contrary, the similarities between two movements are more meaningful, considering the background, historical situation, catch phrases and the purpose, leading powers and features of members, and chronical procedures of movements etc.