長·短距離選手의 心肺機能 및 에너지 代謝의 比較 = Comparison of Cardiopulmonary Functions and Energy Metabolism between Long and Short-Distance Runners

국문 초록 (Abstract)

長·短距離選手의 心肺機能 및 에너지代謝를 究明하기 위하여, 16∼19세의 男女 長距離選手 18명과 短距離選手 19명, 그리고 非選數 19명을 選定하여, 心電圖와 肺機能 및 運動中의 心博數와 에너지消費量을 比較 分析한 結果는 다음과 같다.
心電圖 時間間隔은 選手群이 非選手群에 비해 延長되었으며, 이중에 R-R, Q-T 및 T-P는 選手群이 有意하게 延長되었다.
心電圖 波高는 選手群이 非選手群에 비해 높았으며, 長距離群이 短距離群에 비해 더 높았다. 특히 R_v5와 S_v1의 合이 長距離群은 39.56㎜로서 非選手群의 31.95㎜에 비해 有意하게 높았다.
努力性呼氣量은 대부분 選手群이 非選手群에 비해 有意하게 높았으며, FVC와 FEV_1은 短距離群이 높았고, FEV_0.5% 및 FEV_1%는 長距離群이 더 높았다.
肺流速은 選手群이 非選手群에 비해 有意하게 높았으며, 長·短距離選手間에는 별 차이가 없었다.
MVV는 選手群이 非選手群에 비해 有意하게 높았으며, 短距離群은 162.8L/min로서 長距離群의 142.3L/min에 비해 有意하게 높았다.
運動中 心博數는 長距離群이 短距離群에 비해 계속 낮은 값으로 增加되었고, 恢復도 또한 빨랐다.
運動中 에너지消費量은 長距離群이 短距離群에 비해 더 낮은 값으로 增加되었다.
以上으로 미루어 보아 心電圖時間間隔 및 波高가 選手群이 더 높으며, 이중 長距離群이 더 높은점과 肺機能에서는 選手群이 더 높으며, 이중 FVC, FEV_1 및 MVV은 短距離群이 더 높은점, 그리고 같은 運動負荷에서 長距離群의 心博數가 더 적고, 에너지 消費의 效率이 더 높은점等은 意義있는 結果로 注目되는 바이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It has been well documented that physical strength in the athletes in general, and in the long or short-distance runners in particular is different from that of the non-athletes. Also it is easy to believe that there exists a certain degree of difference between the long-distance runners and short-distance runners in terms of cardiopulmonary functions and energy metabolism.
Eighteen long-distance runners and 19 short-distance runners of high school male students aged between 16∼19 yr were chosen for the study of ECG analysis, pulmonary function tests, and heart rate and energy metabolism during the exercise.
Nineteen non-athletes were also randomnly selected as the control, and comparison was made between the control and the long and short-distance runners.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
ECG time intervals, particulary R-R, Q-T and T-R in the runners were significantly longr than the non-athletic control.
ECG amplitude in the long-distance runners was higher than that of the short-distance runners or the control.
Forced expiratory volumes in the runners were generally higher tnan the control, and particulary, FVC and FEV_1 were higher in the short-distance runners while FEV_0.5% and FEV_1% were higher in the long-distance runners. Pulmonary flow in general was higher in the runners comparing with the control, but no significant difference was observed between the long and short-distance runners.
MVV in the short-distance runners, both being higher than the control value.
Comparing with the short-distance runners, HR in the long-distance runners was slow in increase during the exercise and faster to reach the recovery.
Energy consumption in the long-distance runners increased in slower fashion than in the short-distance runners.
From the above, it is a matter of outstanding interest to observe that ECG time intervals and amplitudes are higher in the long-distance runners, FVC, FEV, as well as MVV are higher in the short-distance runners, and energy consumption is more efficient in the long-distance runners.