Study of the most frequent natural tooth colors in the Spanish population using spectrophotometry

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

PURPOSE. To identify the most frequent natural tooth colors using the Easyshade Compact (Vita -Zahnfabrik) spectrophotometer on a sample of the Spanish population according to the 3D Master System. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The middle third of the facial surface of natural maxillary central incisors was measured with an Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer (Vita Zahnfabrik) in 1361 Caucasian Spanish participants aged between 16 and 89 years. Natural tooth color was recorded using the 3D Master System nomenclature. The program used for the present descriptive statistical analysis of the results was SAS 9.1.3. RESULTS. The results show that the most frequent dental color in the total sample studied is 3M1 (7.05%), followed by the intermediate shade 1M1.5 (6.91%) and 2L1.5 (6.02%). CONCLUSION. According to the research methodology used, and taking into account the limitations of this study, it can be proposed that the most frequent color among the Spanish population is 3M1; the most common lightness group is 2; the most frequent hue group according to the 3DMaster System is M and the most frequent chroma group is 1.5.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Paul S, "Visual and spectrophotometric shade analysis of human teeth" 81 : 578-582, 2002

2 Schwabacher WB, "Three-dimensional color coordinates of natural teeth compared with three shade guides" 64 : 425-431, 1990

3 Olms C, "The repeatability of digital shade measurement-a clinical study" 17 : 1161-1166, 2013

4 Tung FF, "The repeatability of an intraoral dental colorimeter" 88 : 585-590, 2002

5 Xiao J, "The prevalence of tooth discolouration and the self-satisfaction with tooth colour in a Chinese urban population" 34 : 351-360, 2007

6 Baltzer A, "The determination of the tooth colors-Special reprint" 30 : 726-740, 2004

7 Gómez-Polo C, "Study of the shade tabs of the toothguide 3D master through cluster analysis" 40 : 194-200, 2014

8 Smith PW, "Shade selection for single-unit anterior metal ceramic crowns: a 5-year retrospective study of 2,500 cases" 11 : 302-306, 1998

9 Zenthöfer A, "Selecting VITA classical shades with the VITA 3D-master shade guide" 27 : 376-382, 2014

10 Powers JM, "Restorative dental materials" Mosby 2012

11 Lagouvardos PE, "Repeatability and interdevice reliability of two portable color selection devices in matching and measuring tooth color" 101 : 40-45, 2009

12 Jahangiri L, "Relationship between tooth shade value and skin color: an observational study" 87 : 149-152, 2002

13 Nourbakhsh M, "Relationship between natural tooth shade and skin colour" 21 : 50-52, 2013

14 Dozić A, "Relations in color among maxillary incisors and canines" 21 : 187-191, 2005

15 Liu M, "Online colour training system for dental students: a comprehensive assessment of different training protocols" 42 : 282-290, 2015

16 Gozalo-Diaz DJ, "Measurement of color for craniofacial structures using a 45/0-degree optical configuration" 97 : 45-53, 2007

17 Lee YK, "Lightness, chroma, and hue distributions of a shade guide as measured by a spectroradiometer" 104 : 173-181, 2010

18 Hammad IA, "Intrarater repeatability of shade selections with two shade guides" 89 : 50-53, 2003

19 Ardu S, "Influence of background on natural tooth colour coordinates: an in vivo evaluation" 102 : 267-271, 2014

20 Commission Internationale de l´Eclairage, "Improvement to industrial colour-difference evaluation. Vienna CIE Central Bureau Public 142"

21 Odioso LL, "Impact of demographic, behavioral, and dental care utilization parameters on tooth color and personal satisfaction" S35-S41, 2000

22 Yap AU, "Human-eye versus computerized color matching" 24 : 358-363, 199

23 Esan TA, "Factors influencing tooth shade selection for completely edentulous patients" 7 : 80-87, 2006

24 Gozalo-Diaz D, "Estimating the color of maxillary central incisors based on age and gender" 100 : 93-98, 2008

25 Eiffler C, "Differences in lightness, chroma, and hue in the anterior teeth of quinquagenarians and septuagenarians" 14 : 587-591, 2010

26 Gómez-Polo C, "Differences between the human eye and the spectrophotometer in the shade matching of tooth colour" 42 : 742-745, 2014

27 Hassel AJ, "Determination of VITA Classical shades with the 3D-Master shade guide" 71 : 721-726, 2013

28 Yuan JC, "Defining a natural tooth color space based on a 3-dimensional shade system" 98 : 110-119, 2007

29 Bayindir F, "Coverage error of three conceptually different shade guide systems to vital unrestored dentition" 98 : 175-185, 2007

30 Cal E, "Comparison of digital and spectrophotometric measurements of colour shade guides" 33 : 221-228, 2006

31 Odaira C, "Comparison of color gradation for natural dental incisors and corresponding shade tabs" 82 : B249-, 2003

32 Ge QM, "Comparison of clinically used shade guide systems with color range of natural teeth" 43 : 422-425, 2008

33 Pimental W, "Comparison between visual and instrumental methods for natural tooth shade matching" 62 : 47-49, 2014

34 Hassel AJ, "Comparing L*a*b* color coordinates for natural teeth shades and corresponding shade tabs using a spectrophotometer" 22 : 72-74, 2009

35 Rubiño M, "Colour measurement of human teeth and evaluation of a colour guide" 19 : 19-22, 1994

36 Cocking C, "Colour compatibility between teeth and dental shade guides in Quinquagenarians and Septuagenarians" 36 : 848-855, 2009

37 Commission Internationale de l´Eclairage, "Colorimetry, 3rd ed. Publication CIE No.15.3"

38 Hasegawa A, "Color of natural tooth crown in Japanese people" 25 : 43-48, 2000

39 Zhu H, "Color measurements of 1,944 anterior teeth of people in southwest of China-discreption" 36 : 285-288, 2001

40 Sproull RC, "Color matching in dentistry. II. Practical applications of the organization of color" 29 : 556-566, 1973

41 Lemire PA, "Color in dentistry" JM Ney Co 66-74, 1975

42 Ahn JS, "Color distribution of a shade guide in the value, chroma, and hue scale" 100 : 18-28, 2008

43 Hasegawa A, "Color and translucency of in vivo natural central incisors" 83 : 418-423, 2000

44 Ragain JC Jr, "Color acceptance of direct dental restorative materials by human observers" 25 : 278-285, 2000

45 Rodrigues S, "An evaluation of shade differences between natural anterior teeth in different age groups and gender using commercially available shade guides" 12 : 222-230, 2012

46 Haddad HJ, "Allocation of color space for different age groups using three-dimensional shade guide systems" 6 : 94-102, 2011

47 Sauvy A, "Alfred Sauvy, Théorie générale de la population ;volume I, Economie et Population" 27 : 419-420, 1952

48 van der Burgt TP, "A comparison of new and conventional methods for quantification of tooth color" 63 : 155-162, 1990

49 Gómez-Polo C, "A clinical study relating CIELCH coordinates to the color dimensions of the 3D-Master System in a Spanish population" 113 : 185-190, 2015

50 Gómez-Polo C, "3D Master Toothguide according to L*, C*, and h* coordinates" 40 : 518-524, 2015