대한제국 시기 인삼업의 변화와 특징－개성 지역 이외의 인삼 재배지를 중심으로－ = Changes and Characteristics of the Ginseng Industry during the Korean Empire

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Until the Japanese colonial era, Kaesong[開成] was the main ginseng production area in Korea. Although the ginseng fields were small, ginseng was also grown outside of Kaesong. Researchers have had little interest in the production of ginseng in those regions. This article examines the changes and characteristics of the ginseng industry in those areas during the Korean Empire.
Around 1898-99, ginseng fields in the North Gyeongsang Province, the North Jeolla Province, and the North Chungcheong Province represented more than 60,000 kan[間≒3.3㎡], while ginseng fields in the Kaesong area occupied more than 550,000 kan. Compared to the Kaesong area, the production in these other provinces accounted for slightly more than 10 percent. The size of the ginseng industry was small. However, the fact that ginseng was grown in many areas was important.
The Korean Empire’s imperial family imposed taxes on ginseng fields. In order to collect this tax, ginseng fields throughout the country were examined. This study used the data gathered at that time. When the imperial family collected the taxes on ginseng fields, ginseng farmers protested. However, the imperial family enforced the collection of the taxes on the ginseng fields. As officials collected excessive ginseng tax, ginseng farmers found themselves struggling.
The conflict over the taxes on the ginseng fields worsened the ginseng industry environment. Therefore, some ginseng farmers began to give up the cultivation of ginseng. As a result, by 1908, the size of ginseng fields had been reduced to less than half that in 1898-99. However, there was a difference in the change by province. Jeonbuk experienced less slump in the ginseng industry, while the production areas of the North Gyeongsang Province and the North Chungcheong Province decreased sharply. While Seongju-gun had been the largest mountainous ginseng region in 1898, by 1908, Geumsan-gun had become the biggest.
Although the ginseng industry suffered a slump, ginseng was grown in many areas around 1898-1899. People in those areas had ginseng cultivation techniques, which reflected the spread of ginseng cultivation technology. These people could jump into the ginseng industry anytime the problem of cultivation funds was solved. This expansion of the base was the foundation for the development of ginseng in these regions.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "훈령조회존안"

2 홍순권, "한말시기 개상지방 삼포 농업의 전개 양상(상)" 49 : 1987

3 양정필, "한말-일제하 錦山 人蔘 연구" 고려사학회 (51) : 199-226, 2013

4 오세창, "풍기읍의 정감록과 이식산업에 관한 연구" 9 : 1978

5 정은주, "조선 후기 家蔘 재배와 『蔘書』" 한국실학학회 (24) : 443-477, 2012

6 "제1회삼정보고"

7 "전라북도각군역둔토도세삼세실수성책"

8 "전라북도각군역답둔토제언답삼세실수가도성책"

9 "전라북도각군경자조삼포간수전수개록성책"

10 "재무휘보"

11 양정필, "대한제국기 개성지역 삼업(蔘業) 변동과 삼포민의 대응" 대한의사학회 18 (18): 133-155, 2009

12 "공문편안"

13 "각사등록"

14 "慶尙北道各郡癸卯度蔘圃年根間數及圃主姓名成冊"

15 "府外村境內各邑蔘圃摘奸成冊"

16 양상현, "大韓帝國期 內藏院의 人蔘관리와 蔘稅 징수" 규장각한국학연구원 (19) : 123-177, 1996

17 양정필, "19세기 개성상인의 자본전환과 삼업자본의 성장" 23 : 2003

18 염정섭, "18세기 가삼 재배법의 개발과 보급" 102 : 2003