벼 상자육묘에서 규산코팅볍씨의 건묘육성과 벼키다리병 경감효과 = Effect of Silicate-Coated Rice Seed on Healthy Seedling Development and Bakanae Disease Reduction when Raising Rice in Seed Boxes

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We investigated the effect of silicate coating of rice seeds on bakanae disease incidence and the quality of seedlings raised in seedling boxes and transplanted into pots. The silicate-coated rice seed (SCS) was prepared as follows. Naturally infested rice seeds not previously subjected to any fungicidal treatment were dressed with a mixture of 25% silicic acid at pH 11 and 300-mesh zeolite powder at a ratio of 50 g dry seed - 9 mL silicic acid - 25 g zeolite powder. The following nursery conditions were provided : Early sowing, dense seeding in a glass house with mulching overnight and no artificial heating, which were the ideal conditions for determining the effect on the seed. The nursery plants were evaluated for Gibberella. fujikuroi infection or to determine the recovery to normal growth of infected nursery plants in the Wagner pot. Seedlings emerged 2-3 days earlier for the SCS than they did for the non-SCS control, while damping-off and bakanae disease incidence were remarkably reduced.
Specifically, bakanae disease incidence in the SCS was limited to only 7.8% for 80 days after sowing, as compared to 91.6% of the non-SCS control. For the 45-days-old SCS nursery seedlings, the fresh weight was increased by 11% and was two times heavier, with only mild damage compared to that observed for non-SCS. Even after transplanting, SCS treatment contributed to a lower incidence of further infections and possibly to recovery of the seedlings to normal growth as compared to that observed in symptomatic plants in the pot. The active pathogenic macro-conidia and micro-conidia were considerably lower in the soil, root, and seedling sheath base of the SCS. In particular, the underdeveloped macro-conidia with straight oblong shape without intact septum were isolated in the SCS ; this phenotype is likely to be at a comparative etiological disadvantage when compared to that of typical active macro-conidia, which are slightly sickle-shaped with 3-7 intact septa. A active intact conidia with high inoculum potential were rarely observed in the tissue of the seedlings treated only in the SCS. We propose that promising result was likely achieved via inhibition of the development of intact pathogenic conidia, in concert with the aerobic, acidic conditions induced by the physiochemical characteristics associated with the air porosity of zeolite, alkalinity of silicate and the seed husk as a carbon source. In addition, the resistance of the healthy plants to pathogenic conidia was also important factor.
Keywords : bakanae disease, Gibberella fujikuroi, macro-conidia, micro-conidia, raising of rice seedlings, silicate coated rice seed

국문 초록 (Abstract)

벼 직파재배에서 새 피해, 발아 및 입모불량 그리고 도복피해 등 기술보급저해요인을 해소하기 위하여 개발된 규산코팅볍씨의 이앙용 상자육묘에서 건묘육성과 벼키다리병발병 경감을 구명하기 위하여 호기조건인 상자육묘조건과혐기조건인 Pot이앙조건으로 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다.
1. 코팅볍씨에서 묘의 출현은 무코팅볍씨에서 보다 2-3 일 빨랐고 입고병과 벼키다리병 발생이 현저히 경감되었다.
2. 파종후 45일 생체중은 건전묘에서 11%, 이병묘에서2.01배로 규산코팅볍씨의 건묘 육성효과가 뚜렷하였다.
3. 육묘 중 파종후 80일까지 벼키다리병 발생은 무코팅볍씨 91.6%에 비하여 7.8%로 현저하게 경감되었다.
4. 최대발병률을 보인 파종 후 45일에 이앙된 코팅볍씨에서 무코팅볍씨에 비하여 건전묘의 추가발병이 거의없었고 이병묘의 정상생육 회복도 가능하였다.
5. 코팅볍씨에서 육묘된 토양과 식물체의 뿌리와 엽초기부조직에서 활동성 소형포자와 대형포자의 분포가 무코팅에서보다 현저하게 줄었다. 특히 코팅볍씨의 육묘토양과 이병묘/건전묘에서는 무코팅볍씨에서 나타난전형적인 대형포자(3-7개의 격막과 양끝이 낫처럼 굽은)와는 다른 격막이 없고 두터운 세포벽을 갖는 장방형 미성숙 대형포자 출현이 발병 경감원인으로 주목되었다.
6. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 코팅볍씨의 육묘 중 벼키다리병 발병경감과 이앙 후 이병묘의 정상생육 회복 그리고 건전묘의 이병화경감은 강알칼리성 수용성규산과 다공성 지오라이트 그리고 종피 잠복 병원균간의 물리화학적 특성과 건전묘의 균에 대한 저항성에 기인되었을 것으로 판단되었다.

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