민주주의 이행과정에서 군부의 정치적 퇴진: 한국과 인도네시아의 사례 비교 = Political Withdrawal of Military in Democratic Transition: A Comparative Study of South Korea and Indonesia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study compared political withdrawal processes of South Korean and Indonesian military in democratic transition after democratization. Military authoritarianism, which was appeared through political intervention of military such as military coup, is democratized in according to dynamic relation between military and civil society for political legitimacy. And, political withdrawal and depoliticalization of military is understanding about its type and path in two dimension of jurisdiction and scope of role. As a research result, South Korea was reinforced the jurisdiction to military by civil control through military reform, and scope of military role was reduced to original military role in security field. But, Indonesia was not formed civil control to military smoothly by failure of military reform, and role of military remained in politcial field as well as in socio-economic field. In conclusion, the different path of military's political withdrawal in two countries was conducted by dynamic relations between military and civil society, and socio-political environment in each country.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 민주화 이후 민주주의 이행과정에서 한국과 인도네시아 군부의 정치적 퇴진과정을 비교하였다. 군사쿠데타와 같이 군부의 정치적 개입을 통해 발생하는 권위주의체제는 정치적 정당성을 둘러싼 군부와 시민사회 사이의 역학관계가 변화함에 따라 민주화가 이루어지며, 군부의 정치적 퇴진과 탈정치화는 군부의 ‘관할권’(jurisdiction)과 ‘역할 범위’(scope of role)의 두 범주에 따라 그 유형과 경로를 파악할 수 있다. 연구 결과, 한국은 민주화 이후 급격한 군부개혁을 통해 군부에 대한 관할권이 시민통제로 전환되고, 군부의 역할 범위 또한 군부 본연의 군사․안보 영역으로 축소되었다. 그러나 인도네시아는 군부개혁의 실패로 군부에 대한 시민통제가 원활하게 수행되지 못하고 있으며, 정치 영역뿐만 아니라 경제․사회 영역에 있어서도 군부의 역할이 잔존하고 있다. 결과적으로 두 국가에서 민주화 이후 군부의 정치적 퇴진경로는 군부와 시민사회 사이의 역학관계와 국가가 지니는 정치․사회적 환경의 차이에 따라 서로 다른 경로가 유도되었다.

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