청년과 노인의 자기존중기억의 심리적 거리로 살펴본 자전적 기억이 자기 개념에 미치는 영향 = The Effects of Autobiographical Memory on Self-Concept: The Psychological Distance of Self-Esteem Memory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated the themes of self-esteem memories and the relationships between memory quality, age of memory, participant age, self-esteem and psychological distance of memories. Self-esteem memory means the memory representing especially high and low moments about oneself. The participants were 37 young adults(12 males and 25 females) and 34 older adults(11 males and 23 females). They were asked to test cognitive ability, self-esteem and depression, and recalled four positive and four negative self-esteem memories and rated the qualities of each memory. The content analysis showed that positive and negative self-esteem memories of younger adults frequently focused on interpersonal themes rather than achievement themes and only negative self-esteem memories of older adults frequently focused on interpersonal themes. These findings reflect the collectivistic character of South Korea and compensation of ability decline by aging. The regression analysis also showed that while frequency of rehearsal, novelty and age of memory predicted the psychological distance of memories in the positive memories of young adults and valence, vividness and self-esteem predicted in the negative memories of young adults, only the importance of events predicted the psychological distance of memories in positive memories of older adults. These findings suggest that predicting variables of psychological distance are simplified by aging.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정인과, "한국형노인우울검사 표준화에 대한 예비연구" 37 (37): 340-351, 1998

2 김영경, "정서인지기능이 탈화제 발언(脫話題 發言; off-topic speech)에 미치는 효과" 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 26 (26): 47-69, 2013

3 이혜림, "자전적 기억의 과일반화와 반추가 우울에 미치는 영향" 한국임상심리학회 31 (31): 523-540, 2012

4 전병제, "자아개념 측정가능성에 관한연구" 11 (11): 107-130, 1974

5 김영경, "우울한 노인의 담화에 나타나는 자전적 기억의 일화 및 비일화 인출양상" 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 27 (27): 59-74, 2014

6 김영경, "노화와 자전적 기억: 회상유형과 사상유형에 따른 일화 및 비일화 기억 양상 간 비교" 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 22 (22): 19-32, 2009

7 이광경, "노년기 자아통합감 증진을 위한 자전적 글쓰기 프로그램 효과 연구" 한국노년학회 36 (36): 295-313, 2016

8 진영선, "기억 향상 요소를 강화한 노인 집단 자서전 쓰기 프로그램의 효과" 한국노년학회 31 (31): 401-417, 2011

9 Cohen, G., "autobiographical memory: Theoretical and applied perspectives" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 105-123, 1998

10 Ivcevic, Z., "When we feel good and bad about ourselves : Self-esteem memories across cultures" 16 (16): 703-711, 2008

11 Lockhart, R. S., "Varieties of memory and consciousness" Erlbaum 423-430, 1989

12 Deci, E. L., "The “what”and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior" 11 (11): 227-268, 2000

13 Wang, Q., "The stories we keep : Autobiographical memory in American and Chinese middle-aged adults" 72 (72): 911-938, 2004

14 Demiray, B., "The self-enhancement function of autobiographical memory" 29 (29): 49-60, 2015

15 McAdams, D. P., "The psychology of life stories" 5 (5): 100-122, 2001

16 Nasreddine, Z. S., "The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA : a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment" 53 (53): 695-699, 2005

17 Wilson, A. E., "The identity function of autobiographical memory : Time is on your side" 11 (11): 137-149, 2003

18 Stinson, D. A., "The cost of lower self-esteem : Testing a self and social bonds model of health" 94 (94): 412-428, 2008

19 Carstensen, L. L., "Socioemotional selectivity theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life" 27 (27): 103-123, 2003

20 Rosenberg, M., "Society and the adolescent self-image" Princeton University Press 1965

21 Pillemer, D. B., "Self-esteem memories : Feeling good about achievement success, feeling bad about relationship distress" 33 (33): 1292-1305, 2007

22 Mckay, M., "Self-esteem : A proven program of cognitive technique for assessing, improvng, ad maintaining your self-esteem" New Harbinger Publication 2000

23 Fivush, R., "Remembering reconsidered: Ecological and traditional approaches to the study of memory" Cambridge University Press 277-282, 1998

24 Barclay, C. R., "Remembering our past: Studies in autobiographical memory" Cambridge University Press 94-125, 1996

25 Conway, M. A., "Remembering our past: Studies in autobiographical memory" Cambridge University Press 67-93, 1996

26 D’Argembeau, A., "Rembering pride and shame: Self-enhancement and the phenomenology of autobiographical memory" 16 (16): 538-547, 2008

27 Judge, T. A., "Relationship of core self-evaluations traits-self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability-with job satisfaction and job performance : A meta-analysis" 85 (85): 237-249, 2001

28 Baddeley, A., "Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues" Wiley 3-18, 1987

29 Elliot, A. J., "On building, defending, and egulating the self" Psychology Press 171-196, 2005

30 Ross, M., "Memory, brain, and belief" Harvard University Press 231-258, 2000

31 Orth, U., "Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood" 95 (95): 695-708, 2008

32 Orth, U., "Life-span development self-esteem and its effects on important life outcomes" 102 (102): 1271-1288, 2012

33 Ross, M., "It feels like yesterday: Self-esteem, valence of personal past experiences, and judgements of subjective distance" 82 (82): 792-803, 2002

34 Woike, B., "Implicit and explicit motives influence accessibility to different autobiographical knowledge" 29 : 2003

35 Elliot, A. J., "Handbook of self-determination research" The University of Rochester Press 361-387, 2002

36 Sheldon, K. M., "Getting older, getting better? Personal strivings and psychological maturity across the life span" 37 (37): 491-501, 2001

37 Habermas, T., "Getting a life:The emergence of the life story in adolescence" 126 (126): 748-769, 2000

38 Baumeister, R. F., "Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyle?" 4 (4): 1-44, 2003

39 Yesavage, J. A., "Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale : A preliminary report" 17 (17): 37-49, 1983

40 Beck, A. T., "Depression clinical experimental and theoretical aspects" Hoeber 1967

41 Hofstede, G., "Culture’s consequences : Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organisations across nations" Sage 2001

42 Erikson, E., "Childhood and society" W. W. Norton 1963

43 이영호, "BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 관한 연구" 10 (10): 98-113, 1991

44 Leichtman, M. D., "Autobiographical memory and the construction of a narrative self: Developmental and cultural perspectives" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc 73-97, 2003

45 Levine, B., "Aging and autobiographical memory : Dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval" 17 (17): 677-689, 2002

46 Pillemer, D. B., "Affect and accuracy in recall: Studies of “flashbulb” memories" Cambridge University Press 236-264, 1992

47 Bluck, S., "A tale of three functions: The self-reported uses of autobiographical memory" 23 (23): 91-117, 2005