노인요양병원 화재안전성 평가지표 개발 = Development of Fire Safety Evaluation Criteria at the Long-Term Care Hospitals for the Elderly

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Long-term care hospitals for the elderly are places for the elderly and patients with impaired mobility to live in, but these places face a high risk of great damage in the event of a fire. However, the standards for securing fire safety in the hospitals are limited to the level of inspection of firefighting facilities and inspection of training plans. In other words, there are no criteria that can evaluate factors such as evacuation plans, evacuation and fire facilities, and fire response manuals etc.
Therefore, in this paper, as a basic study to develop an evaluation standard to evaluate the fire safety of long-term care hospital for the Elderly, the fire safety evaluation criteria for the hospital was developed and its applicability was reviewed.
To this end, Chapter 2 examines the necessity of fire safety evaluation criteria for long-term care hospitals for the elderly through an overview of long-term care hospitals for the elderly analysis of major accidents, and review of previous studies.
Later, in Chapter 3, in order to select the evaluation items for the fire safety evaluation criteria of the long-term care hospitals for the elderly, the current evaluation standard and criteria review, the previous research and literature analysis. Through this, fire safety evaluation criteria were derived. As a result, Evaluation items is divided into 4 upper layer items and 15 lower layer items. The four upper layer items are "refuge and fire prevention plans for evacuation", "results of inspection of firefighting facility operation", "possibility of fire-extinguishing activities of the fire brigade", and "fire safety management and prevention". The lower layer of the refuge and fire prevention plans for evacuation consists of four items: “critically ill patients’ evacuation support plan”, “designation of evacuation areas in each floor and utilization plan”, and “adequacy of establishment of the refuge path plan”. The lower layer of “results of inspection of firefighting facility operation” consists of four items: “results of inspection of the operation of the automatic fire detection system”, “results of inspection of the operation of indoor fire hydrants”, “results of inspection of the operation of the automatic fire extinguishing equipment(sprinkler,etc.)”, and “evacuation instrument inspection and utilization plan”. The lower layer of the
“possibility of fire-extinguishing activities of the fire brigade” consists of four sub-items: “securing a firefighting mobilization route”, “fire engine mobilization time”, “fire brigade activity space around the building”, and “possibility of expansion of combustion to adjacent buildings”. Finally, the lower layer of “fire safety management and prevention” consists of three sub-items: “writing of and education on a customized fire response manual”, “regular fire suppression and evacuation drills”, and “inspection of facilities on firefighting, construction, electricity, etc.”.
In Chapter 4, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) survey was conducted on 44 fire safety experts based on the derived fire safety evaluation items. And the weight and weight priority of fire safety evaluation items were analyzed. Based on the analysis results, fire safety evaluation criteria were presented, and based on this, evaluation grades were calculated. Afterwards, a method for establishing a fire safety plan for each evaluation item was derived through a Delphi survey. The Delphi survey was conducted by the method of the first open survey and the second and third closed surveys targeting 13 experts, and based on the results of the three surveys, a plan to establish a fire safety plan for each evaluation item was presented. Finally, the results of the AHP survey and the Delphi survey were integrated to develop a fire safety evaluation index for long-term care hospitals for the elderly
The grades of fire safety evaluation items in long-term care hospitals for the elderly using the established evaluation criteria are divided into four grades A to D according to relevant regulations and qualitative evaluation.
● If there is an additional safety plan other than legal standards, it will be evaluated as Grade A.
● Grade B is evaluated if legal standards are met.
● If there is a problem with maintenance and management, it will be evaluated as Grade C.
● If the legal standard is not met, it will be evaluated as D-rated.
According to a Delphi survey, 32 out of 15 items were selected as additional safety measures to evaluate Grade A.
Finally, in Chapter 5, in order to verify the effectiveness of the fire safety evaluation criteria and fire safety plan establishment method developed in Chapter 4, fire safety is evaluated according to the fire safety evaluation criteria for actual long-term care hospitals for the elderly, and the method of establishing a fire safety plan was applied. Evacuation safety evaluation was performed through fire and evacuation simulations. Through this, the final results of this thesis, fire safety evaluation criteria and fire safety plan establishment methodology were verified.
The methodology of establishing a fire safety plan for long-term care hospitals for the elderly using the evaluation items and evaluation grades of long-term care hospitals for the elderly is as follows.
● (1st stage) Evaluation of long-term care hospitals for the elderly(use evaluation criteria to evaluate the grades of long-term care hospitals for the elderly)
● (2nd stage) Establishment of measures to improve D-rated evaluation items (Establishment of improvement plans based on legal standards for evaluation items derived from D-rated evaluation items)
● (3rd stage) Establishment of improvement plan for C-rated evaluation items (analyzing the maintenance and management problems of evaluation items derived from C-rated evaluation items and establishing improvement plan)
● (4th stage) Review additional safety measures (consider additional safety measures for evaluation items derived from Grade B based on the priority of evaluation criteria)

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장. 서 론 1
• 1-1 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
• 1-1-1 연구의 배경 1
• 1-1-2 연구의 목적 8
• 1-2 연구의 방법 및 범위 10
• 1-3 용어의 정리 14
• 제 2 장. 노인요양병원 화재안전성 평가지표의 필요성 16
• 2-1 노인요양병원의 개요 16
• 2-2 노인요양병원 화재피해 현황 24
• 2-3 선행연구의 고찰 및 한계 33
• 제 3 장. 노인요양병원 화재안전성 평가항목 도출 54
• 3-1 노인요양병원 화재안전성 평가항목 도출의 개요 54
• 3-2 관련 법규 및 선행연구 분석을 통한 노인요양병원 평가항목 도출 56
• 3-2-1 관련 법규 및 매뉴얼 고찰을 통한 평가항목 도출 56
• 3-2-2 선행연구 분석을 통한 평가항목 도출 79
• 3-3 노인요양병원 화재안전성 평가지표 도출 86
• 제 4 장 화재안전성 평가지표 및 화재안전계획 수립 방법론 개발 89
• 4-1 노인요양병원 화재안전성 평가지표 개발의 개요 89
• 4-2 AHP 설문조사를 통한 화재안전성 평가지표 개발 91
• 4-2-1 AHP 설문조사의 개요 91
• 4-2-2 AHP 설문조사 결과 100
• 4-2-3 노인요양병원 화재안전성 평가지표 개발 107
• 4-3 AHP 설문조사와 델파이 설문조사를 통한 화재안전계획 수립 방법론 개발 122
• 4-3-1 델파이 설문조사 개요 122
• 4-3-2 델파이 설문조사 결과 129
• 4-3-3 화재안전계획 수립 방법론 개발 142
• 제 5 장. 노인요양병원 화재안전성 평가지표 적용 및 검증 148
• 5-1 화재안전성 평가지표 활용방안 148
• 5-2 피난안전성평가를 통한 화재안전성 평가지표 검증 166
• 5-2-1 피난안전성 평가 개요 166
• 5-2-2 피난안전성평가 시나리오 173
• 5-2-3 피난안전성평가를 통한 화재안전계획 수립 방법론 검증결과 185
• 제 6 장. 결 론 223
• 참 고 문 헌 228
• 부 록 240
• 감사의 글 266

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김원국, 최금란 외 7명, 윤인섭, 김환진, "성능위주 소방설계", 함무라비, 2006

2 고가로, "웰빌딩스탠다드 치유환경 지표개발과 노인요양병원 병실 디자인 연구", 영남대학교 대학원 가족주거학과 실내환경디자인전공 박사학위논문, 2020

3 이두희, 허인욱, 할리오나, 한선진, "피난유도자와 피난지연시간을 고려한 요양 병원의 성능기반 피난안전성", 한국방재학회논문집, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp.149-157, 2020

4 김광환, 임보라, 안상윤, "일개 요양병원 입원환자의 환자분류군 특성에 관한 연구 : 의무기록 정보를 바탕으로", 한국산학기술학회논문지, Vol. 20, No. 11, pp. 324-334, 2019