근대 西歐의 시선으로 본 高麗圖經과 고려청자 = The Study of Goryeodogyeong and Goryeo Celadon in Modern America and Europe

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The latter half of the 19th century marks the beginning of an increased interest in Korean ceramics in Modern America and Western Europe. During this period of newfound preoccupation, Western scholars inquired after the true nature of Korean ceramics based on an examination of accurate documents. The Western world’s first reliable text on Korean ceramics was the chapter titled ‘Gao-li Yao(高麗窯)’ included in the Qing dynasty Jingdezhen taolu (Record of Jingdezhen Ceramics), translated in 1865. However, in the absence of actual examples of Goryeo celadon during this time, there was a fundamental limit to the scope of study that rendered the text ‘Goryeo Kilns’ an unreliable source of information. In the following period, Goryeo celadon collections were acquired, changing the circumstances and allowing opportunity for direct exposure to the subject which altered the tone of discussion surrounding Korean ceramics.
Post 1890, the substantial presence of Goryeo ceramics in Western society and the discovery of Goryeodogyeong (Illustrated Account of Goryeo, 高麗圖經) generated new perspectives on and a renewed interest in the topic of Korean ceramics. Expert on Chinese ceramics, Stephen Wootton Bushell (1844-1908) was the first scholar to make the connection between Goryeo celadon and the concept of ‘bisaek’ as described in Goryeodogyeong according to his publication of 1896.
The collection and research of Goryeo celadons in America and Europe was most active from 1910 up until the 1920’s. During the first decade of the 1910’s, Goryeo celadon collections were established in various countries and Western scholars began to formally pursue the study of Goryeodogyeong and its connection to Goryeo ceramics. Scholarly interest was especially concentrated on the topics of the old Bi-se(secret colour, 越州古秘色), the recent wares of Ru-zhou(汝州新窯器) and the form of the Ding-zhou wares(定器制度)’ as mentioned in sub-chapter 3 ‘Containers’ under chapter 32 of Goryeodogyeong. These comparative studies between the subjects of Chinese ceramics such as Yue･Ru･Ding ware and Goryeo celadon were academically significant in both method of research and subject. Moreover, these academic pursuits played an important role in differentiating between the formative or aesthetic qualities of Goryeo celadon and the shape, design, glaze color, firing methods, etc of Chinese celadon. It is further meaningful that Western scholarship on the subject preceded Japanese interest.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

서구에서 19세기 중후반부터 한국도자에 대한 관심이 증가되면서 정확한 자료에 근거하여 그 실체를 찾는 연구가 시작되었다. 1856년에 번역된 청대 『경덕진도록』에 실린 ‘高麗窯’는 서구에 처음 소개된 한국도자에 대한 제대로 된 정보였지만 고려청자의 不在로 인해 연구에 기본적인 한계가 있었다. 서구에서 고려청자를 접하기 이전 시기에 ‘고려요’의 기록은 믿을 수 없는 자료였지만 고려청자 컬렉션이 형성된 이후에는 논조가 바뀌는 상황을 확인할 수 있다. 1890년대 이후에 『고려도경』의 사료적 가치와 고려청자가 서구 사회에 본격적으로 알려지면서 새로운 話頭가 되었다. 중국도자 전문가였던 스티븐 우튼 부셸(Stephen Wootton Bushell, 1844~1908)은 1896년에 출판된 그의 저서에서 『고려도경』의 翡色과 고려청자를 처음으로 연결시킨 연구자이다. 서구에서 고려청자의 수집과 연구는 시기적으로 1910년대에서 1920년대에 집중되어 있다. 1900년대 이후부터 서구의 여러 나라에서 고려청자 컬렉션이 형성되면서, 서구 연구자들이 『고려도경』의 내용과 고려청자를 본격적으로 연구하기 시작하였다. 특히, 『고려도경』 권 32 기명 3에 언급된 ‘越州古秘色’, ‘汝州新窯器’, ‘定器制度’의 내용이 집중적으로 연구되었다. 중국의 월주요, 여요, 정요 자기 등과 고려청자와의 비교사적인 연구 방법이나 내용적인 면에서도 학문적으로 깊은 의미를 준다. 또한 이러한 비교사적인 연구 방법은 중국청자의 형태, 문양, 유색, 번조법 등과 차별화되는 고려청자만의 조형적 특징을 찾는데 일조했다. 이러한 연구는 일본 연구자들보다 앞 선 시기에 이루어진 성과였기에 더욱 의미가 깊다고 할 수 있다.

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