장애인재활 실천현장종사자 특성, 상담기술, 소진 연구 = A study on the counselors' traits, burnout, and specific counseling skills of rehabilitation field practitioners in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Counseling, as an individualized and personalized assistance with personal,vocational, educational problems, is a process involving an interaction between a counselor and a client in a private setting. It also emphasizes on a dynamic and purposeful relationship between two people in which procedures vary with the nature of the client' need. Counseling embraces goals for the client as clear self-perception and harmony with environment. Clients are generally not considered to be mentally ill, but are viewed as being capable of choosing goals,making decisions, and assuming responsibility for their own behavior and future development. To meet the needs of a diverse disability group such as persons with spinal cord injury and other types of physical disability would seem to call for the attention and care for personal development. As a helping profession,there have been many facilitative skills, including listening, assuming responsibility,reversal, summarization, reflection of feeling, and interpretation of defenses.
Rehabilitation professionals must be competent in scientifically selecting,integrating, and applying parts or whole theoretical systems appropriately, either to specific clients or to problem categories. The establishment of the therapeutic climate depends on the trust between counselor and client. This study intended to identify important counseling skills that rehabilitation field practitioners consider as being very important. Field practitioners personal characteristics are also scrutinized in terms of their general background such as income and age.
Research findings are suggested that one of the most important elements in counseling is the person-hood of the counselor. The counselor must be willing to invite the client who is struggling, evolving, risking, evaluating self, problemsolving,and experiencing all the normal human emotions. Overall counseling skills are grouped into five different dimensions; understanding factor, response factor,encouragement factor, analysis factor, and process factor. Counselor characteristic scales are also grouped into the three factor model, containing person-hood factor, emotional factor, and technical factor.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

여러 가지 생활상황 속에서 장애 그 자체는 종종 개인과 가족에게 커다란 심리적 갈등과 스트레스를 유발시키며, 개인의 발달과 사회활동에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 여기에 초점을 둔 분석과 개인 개발전략이 필요하게 된다. 장애로 인해 생겨날 수 있는 좌절, 불안, 거부, 차별의 경험은 개인을 낙담시키고 이런 경험이 누적되면 삶의 질은 떨어지고 건강한 생활 자체를 위협받게 된다. 따라서 이들의 적응상 문제들을 해결하고 사회 생활과 환경에 순응하도록 원조하는 상담기술들은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 장애인의 재활상담실천 현장에 종사하는 전문가들을 대상으로 하여 이들이 빈번히 사용하는 개별 상담기술의 유형과 중요성, 소진현상, 그리고 상담사 개인 특성들을 함께 분석하였다. 구체적 상담기술은 다섯 가지 요인들로 범주화되었으며, 상담사 특성들은 실증적으로 개인자질 요인, 정서적 요인, 그리고 기술적 요인으로 구분되었다. 이들 요인들은 상담사의 교육정도와 종교에 따라서 차이를 보였으며, 직업적 소진현상을 부분적으로 설명할 수 있었다.

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