장병 스트레스 요인과 대처방안에 대한 선행연구 분석 = Analysis of Precedent Researches on Soldier Stressors and Stress Coping Management

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

For a comprehensive analysis of the stress factors and coping management among military personnel, using a new framework, this study examines previous studies on stress in military personnel, 14 papers published between 2000 and 2018. We divided stressors into internal and external causes; external causes were again subdivided into factors internal to the military and factors external to the military, while internal causes were limited to personal factors only. We classified stress coping management according to stress factors, and by software and hardware approaches. The frequency of the identified stressors was highest for internal-to-the-military factors, followed by external-to-the-military factors, then personal factors. Among internal-to-the-military factors, work duties ranked first, followed by difficulties in relationships, roles, superiors’ attitudes, camp environment, rank, and, finally, the atmosphere in the barracks and military administration. As for external-to-the-military stressors, dating and family issues tied with military stressors for the first place, followed by career and friendships problems. As for personal factors, problems such as anger/hostility and self-respect/depression took a higher place than desire/value and character/control. In total, 45 stress coping management were suggested, including 27 for internal-to-the-military factors, eight common management, six for personal factors, and four for external-to-the-military factors. Among software approaches, what was most frequently suggested was to strengthen training programs to cope with stress, followed by the development of new programs and utilization of the existing programs related with stress coping, the assignment of professional counselors, guarantees of free time, the improvement of work conditions, and the enhancement of barracks culture. For hardware approaches, it was suggested that the environment and facilities of the camp be improved and various spaces for relaxation and entertainment be offered.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 군 장병의 스트레스 요인과 대처방안을 새로운 분석의 틀을 통하여 종합적으로 분석하기 위하여 장병 스트레스와 관련된 선행 연구를 분석하였다. 선행연구 자료는 2000년에서 2018년까지 군 장병들의 스트레스와 관련된 14건의 논문을 대상으로 하였다. 스트레스 요인 분류는 외적 원인과 내적 원인으로 구분하고 외적 원인은 다시 군 내부요인과 군 외부요인으로 분류하였으며, 내적 원인은 개인적 요인으로 한정하여 분류하였다. 스트레스 대처방안은 스트레스 요인별 대처방안과 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어적 대처방안으로 분류하였다. 스트레스 요인의 빈도는 군 내부요인, 군 외부요인, 개인적 요인 순으로 높았다. 군 내부요인으로는 직무가 제일 높았고, 다음으로는 관계, 역할, 상급자 태도 등의 어려움이었으며, 다음으로는 부대 환경과 계급, 마지막으로 생활관 분위기와 부대행정이었다. 군 외부요인으로는 이성과 가정문제가 동일하게 높았으며 다음이 진로와 친구문제였다. 개인적 요인으로는 분노/적대감과 자존감/우울이 욕구/가치관과 개성/통제력보다 높았다. 스트레스 대처방안은 45건이 제시되었으며 군 내부요인 관련 대처방안이 27개, 군 내·외부 요인 관련 공통 대처방안이 8개, 개인요인이 6개, 군 외부요인이 4개 순이었다. 소프트웨어적 요소의 대처방안으로는 스트레스 관련 교육의 강화가 가장 높았고, 다음으로는 스트레스 관련 새로운 프로그램 개발 및 기존 프로그램 활용, 전문 인력 배치, 자유시간 보장, 직무여건 마련, 선진병영 추진 순이었다. 하드웨어적 요소의 대처방안으로는 환경 및 시설 개선과 다양한 공간구성이 제시되었다.

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