Principles and clinical diagnostic applications of surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of contributors = xi
• 1 Principles of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy / Xiang Wang ; Guokun Liu ; Ren Hu ; Maofeng Cao ; Sen Yan ; Yifan Bao ; Bin Ren = 1
• 1.1 Introduction = 1
• 1.2 Surface plasmon resonance = 3
• 1.3 Optical properties of metals = 4
• 1.4 Local field enhancement = 6
• 1.5 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy enhancement and \E\4 approximation = 8
• 1.6 Choice of metals = 10
• 1.7 The effect of size and shape on the field enhancement = 11
• 1.8 Hot spots and various configurations for SERS = 14
• 1.9 Estimation of the surface enhancement factor = 18
• 1.10 Chemical mechanism = 19
• 1.11 Spectral analysis = 20
• 1.12 Selection of SERS substrates = 23
• 1.13 SERS detection modes = 24
• 1.14 Key to the success of SERS measurements = 26
• References = 27
• 2 Nanoplasmonic materials for surface-enhanced Raman scattering / Shi Xuan Leong ; Yong Xiang Leong ; Charlynn Sher Lin Koh ; Jaslyn Ru Ting Chen ; Xing Yi Ling = 33
• 2.1 The role of nanoplasmonic materials in surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement = 33
• 2.2 Metallic nanoplasmonic materials = 36
• 2.2.1 Shape-controlled synthesis of individual nanoparticles (0D / 1D) = 36
• 2.2.2 Two-dimensional platforms for electromagnetic field enhancement = 42
• 2.2.3 Three-dimensional platforms for electromagnetic field enhancement = 48
• 2.2.4 Analyte manipulation strategies = 53
• 2.3 Nonconventional surface-enhanced Raman scattering platforms = 63
• 2.3.1 Bimetallic systems = 63
• 2.3.2 Hybrid nanoplasmonic platforms = 65
• 2.4 Conclusion and outlook = 72
• References = 73
• 3 Experimental aspects of surface-enhanced Raman scattering for biological applications / Shuping Xu = 81
• 3.1 Combination ways of surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates with the analytical systems = 81
• 3.1.1 Colloidal metal nanoparticles = 82
• 3.1.2 Solid-supported metal nanostructures = 92
• 3.1.3 Other unique surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates = 97
• 3.2 Laser-related issues = 99
• 3.2.1 Laser wavelength selection according to surface plasmon resonance = 99
• 3.2.2 Laser wavelength and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering = 101
• 3.2.3 Laser power setting and defocusing for avoiding photodamage = 102
• 3.2.4 Light penetration depth for in vivo detection = 103
• 3.3 Reproducibility and reliability = 105
• 3.3.1 Mean spectra = 105
• 3.3.2 Homogenization of sample = 105
• 3.3.3 Controlled immobilization and orientation = 107
• 3.3.4 Purification of the surface of surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates = 108
• 3.3.5 Contributions of media and reagents = 108
• 3.3.6 Integration of surface-enhanced Raman scattering with microfluidics = 108
• 3.3.7 Internal standard method = 109
• 3.3.8 Reporters having bands in silent range = 110
• 3.4 Raman data-related issues = 110
• 3.4.1 Data processing = 110
• 3.4.2 Chemometric sorting algorithm = 111
• References = 113
• 4 Label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering for clinical applications / Alois Bonifacio = 125
• 4.1 General aspects = 125
• 4.1.1 Defining label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering = 125
• 4.2 Label-free SERS and the complexity of biological samples = 127
• 4.3 Clinical needs and analytical strategies = 128
• 4.4 Experimental aspects = 132
• 4.4.1 Preanalytical sample processing = 132
• 4.4.2 SERS substrates and the nano-bio interface = 134
• 4.4.3 Excitation wavelengths = 137
• 4.4.4 Common artifacts and anomalous bands = 140
• 4.5 Study design and data analysis = 141
• 4.5.1 Sources of variability = 141
• 4.5.2 Data structure and sample size = 146
• 4.5.3 Data analysis : preprocessing, representation, and modeling = 149
• 4.6 Spectral interpretation = 158
• 4.7 Perspectives and challenges = 163
• References = 165
• 5 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotags design and synthesis / Xiao-Dong Zhou ; Xue Li ; Ai-Guo Shen = 171
• 5.1 SERS nanotags and its optical properties = 171
• 5.2 Clinical application of SERS nanotags : strategies and essence = 173
• 5.3 SERS nanotags design and synthesis = 174
• 5.3.1 Highly bright SERS nanotags : substrate construction = 175
• 5.3.2 Weak-background SERS nanotags : signal output = 184
• 5.3.3 Low-blinking SERS nanotags : surface coating = 198
• 5.3.4 Multifunctional SERS nanotags : materials combination = 205
• 5.4 Summary and prospect = 211
• References = 215
• 6 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for circulating biomarkers detection in clinical diagnosis / Yuan Liu ; Nana Lyu ; Alison Rodger ; Yuling Wang = 225
• 6.1 Introduction = 225
• 6.2 Sample preparation and detection methods = 228
• 6.3 Circulating tumor cells = 229
• 6.3.1 Features and current techniques for circulating tumor cells analysis = 229
• 6.3.2 SERS strategy for CTCs analysis = 230
• 6.3.3 SERS-based assays for CTCs analysis in clinical samples = 233
• 6.3.4 Insights on SERS-based CTCs analysis in a clinical setting = 236
• 6.4 SERS analysis of extracellular vesicles = 237
• 6.4.1 Biological roles and current analysis techniques of extracellular vesicles = 237
• 6.4.2 SERS strategies for EVs detection and characterization = 238
• 6.4.3 SERS-based assay for EV analysis with clinical samples = 239
• 6.4.4 Insights on SERS-based EVs analysis with clinical setting = 244
• 6.5 SERS analysis of circulating tumor-derived nucleic acids = 245
• 6.5.1 Biological significance and current analysis techniques for ctNAs = 245
• 6.5.2 SERS strategies for ctNAs analysis = 248
• 6.5.3 ctDNA analysis by SERS = 252
• 6.5.4 ctRNA analysis by SERS = 257
• 6.5.5 Insights into SERS-based ctNAs analysis with clinical samples = 261
• 6.6 Tumor-associated proteins = 262
• 6.6.1 Clinical significance and current analysis techniques of circulating proteins = 262
• 6.6.2 SERS-based strategy for protein analysis = 263
• 6.6.3 Insights on SERS-based assays for disease-associated protein detection = 270
• 6.7 Conclusions and perspectives = 270
• References = 271
• 7 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based microfluidic devices for in vitro diagnostics / Anupam Das ; Jaebum Choo = 281
• 7.1 Introduction = 281
• 7.2 Various surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based microfluidic devices for in vitro diagnostics = 283
• 7.2.1 Application of paper-based microfluidics = 284
• 7.2.2 Magnetic particle-based microfluidics = 288
• 7.2.3 Gold-patterned microarray-embedded microfluidic platforms = 292
• 7.2.4 Continuous-flow microfluidics = 294
• 7.2.5 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy assays using droplet-based microfluidics = 295
• 7.3 Summary = 299
• Acknowledgment = 299
• References = 299
• 8 SERS for sensing and imaging in live cells / Janina Kneipp = 303
• 8.1 Recent trends in SERS from animal cells : probe of cellular biochemistry = 303
• 8.2 Biomolecular SERS from intracellular nanoprobes = 304
• 8.3 Probing lipid-rich environments in pathology = 307
• 8.4 SERS for monitoring of drug action = 310
• 8.5 Composite SERS probes for intracellular applications with different physical functions = 313
• Acknowledgments = 319
• References = 319
• 9 iSERS microscopy : point-of-care diagnosis and tissue imaging / Yuying Zhang ; Vi. Tran ; Mujo Adanalic ; Sebastian Schliicker = 327
• 9.1 Point-of-care diagnosis = 327
• 9.1.1 Principle of a lateral flow assay = 329
• 9.1.2 SERS-based lateral flow assay = 332
• 9.1.3 SERS-based multiplex lateral flow assay = 337
• 9.1.4 Portable Raman / SERS-POC reader = 343
• 9.2 Imaging = 345
• 9.2.1 iSERS microscopy on cells = 347
• 9.2.2 iSERS microscopy on tissues = 356
• 9.3 Summary and perspectives = 365
• References = 366
• 10 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for cancer characterization / Wen Ren ; Joseph Irudayaraj = 373
• 10.1 Introduction = 373
• 10.2 SERS diagnosis of cancer biomarkers = 375
• 10.3 SERS detection of nucleic acid sequence indicators in cancer = 378
• 10.4 SERS diagnosis based on other indicators = 380
• 10.5 Multifunctional SERS substrates for diagnosis and therapy = 381
• 10.6 SERS imaging for cancer imaging and delineation = 385
• 10.7 Summary = 389
• References = 389
• 11 Multivariate approaches for SERS data analysis in clinical applications / Duo Lin ; Sufang Qiu ; Yang Chen ; Shangyuan Feng ; Haishan Zeng = 395
• 11.1 Introduction = 395
• 11.2 Data analysis for label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements = 396
• 11.2.1 Unsupervised data analysis and practical applications = 396
• 11.2.2 Supervised data analysis and practical applications = 404
• 11.3 Additional applications in labeling SERS measurements = 418
• 11.3.1 Practical applications of unsupervised analysis = 418
• 11.3.2 Practical applications of supervised data analysis = 423
• 11.4 Concluding remarks = 424
• References = 425
• Index = 433