지구적 질서협력체제로서의 세계사회 = World society, a cooperative system for global order

국문 초록 (Abstract)

국 문 초 록

지구적 질서협력체제로서의 세계사회


본 논문은 평화에 대한 인류의 노력에도 불구하고 전쟁으로 거듭되는 역사를 영구평화 정착으로 전환되는 조건으로 국가의 주권방기와 시민성에 근거한 ‘지구적 질서협력체인 세계사회’의 의제 화와 실현을 목적으로 한다.
인류의 역사에는 전쟁과 갈등이 존재 해왔다. 동시에 평화를 갈망하는 인류의 노력은 시대와 함께 다양한 자구책을 제시하였다. 실로 ‘세계는 연속과 변화의 기이한 칵테일’(나이, 2008: 16)이라 할 수 있다. 현대의 인류는 여전히 전쟁과 위험의 공포 아래 있지만 물질, 과학의 혁혁한 성과는 상호협력 체제를 이루며 인간의 복지 권리를 확대하였다. 더불어 사회적 위험요소 또한 더욱 커졌다. 본 논문은 국가중심의 베스트팔렌조약 이후의 사회변화와 함께 새로운 방향 모색 앞에 선 국제사회와 인류가 공동의 문제인 위험요소로부터 그리고 전쟁의 공포 속에서 벗어나려는 숙원이 동기가 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 변화된 사회(지구화)로 상징되는 지구시민사회의 정의와 지구화를 평가하는 관점 적 분류인 대안론 적 미래사회를 ‘질서협력체제로서의 세계사회’로 상정한다. 대안적 세계사회가 파생된 용어의 기원과 ‘세계사회’는 국가의 부정적 이미지에 반해 사회적 관점을 부각하는데 거시적 사회라는 개념을 도출하여 거시적 접근과 사고의 전환을 요구한다. 이론적 기초는 루소와 칸트에게 근거한다. 담론의 갈래를 통해 ‘지구적 질서협력체제인 세계사회’ 구현을 합리화한다. 그이유로 강제성이 부여된 집행부를 주장하는 현대 주류 담론에 대해서 강제성이 절대권한의 토대가 되는 한 권력의 이동만 가져올 뿐 영구평화라는 근본적인 효과는 거둘 수 없기 때문이다. 반면 질서협력체의 강제성 없음은 곧 무질서 조장이라는 지적에 대해서는 국가민족주의와 인간의 이기심이 주권 방기 불이행으로 표출된다고 항변한다.
또한 국제사회의 변화의 원인을 국가 성 상실과 다원적이고 상호협력체적 사회와 연맹체 설립의 귀결로 탄생된 국제연합에도 두고 이를 ‘세계사회’로의 유인으로 삼았다. 국제연합을 주목하는 것은 합의로 탄생했다는 것이다. 이는 본 논문이 추구하는 ‘지구적 질서협력체제인 세계사회’의 목적과 목표가 협의적 국제사회이며 제도화 된 국제연합을 통해 구체화 될 것을 전망함에 기인한다. 다음으로 ‘질서협력체인 세계사회’를 구상하는데 우선 구성요소로 제도화된 국제연합과 더불어 주권방기의 국가와 시민성으로 무장된 시민으로 분류하며 사회단면으로는 가라타니의 추첨제 도입과 생산자협동조합에 대한 재 고찰 등을 통해 설명된다. ‘질서협력체라는 세계사회’는 무엇보다도 구성원의 의지가 필요하다. 의지는 국가와 시민 모두가 덕성의 토대가 절대적이며 이때 올바른 공공성이 확립되기 때문이다.
본 논문은 칸트와 가라타니의 제안이 주권 상실과 다양한 주체들의 등장으로 진화된 현 국제사회에 실현되어 ‘지구적 질서협력체제인 세계사회’로 완성되기를 바란다. 시민성은 일관되게 노출되어 왔으나 인류는 덕성을 등한시하고 애써 외면하여 충돌을 선택하였다. 이기심과 이해관계와의 고리를 끊지 않는 한 결코 무력적 충돌과 수탈은 막을 수 없다. 현상론적 대안에서 벗어나길 권고하며 국제연합으로 시작된 협의제로 질서가 유지되는 합리적 사회 형성 기여에 본 논문의 담론 화는 의미가 있다.

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keyword: 지구적 질서협력체제, 세계사회, 영구평화, 사회적 위험요소, 대안론, 상호협력 적, 주권방기, 시민성, 국가 성, 지구화, 연맹체, 국제연합, 국가, 시민, 영구평화, 의지, 공공성, 담론 화, 합리적 사회

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT


World society,
a cooperative system for global order


Kang, Soon Nam
Department of Global Governance
The Graduate School of NGO Studies
Kyung Hee University


Despite the human efforts for peace, there have been numerous wars. This study tries to present the agenda of world society, a cooperative system for global order that is based on the abandonment of state's sovereignty and citizenship to establish permanent peace for the human race.
Human history is filled with wars and conflicts. At the same time, it is filled with diverse human efforts to keep peace. Actually, the world is a strange cocktail of continuity and changes(Nye, 2008: 16). The human race is under the threat of wars and dangerous elements. On the other hand, material and scientific achievements increased human welfare, which in turn increased dangerous social elements. With the social changes after the Peace of Westfalen, the international society and human race have looked for ways to escape from the fears of dangerous elements and wars. This study presents world society as a cooperative system for order as an alternative system for future society. The term world society emphasizes social aspects as opposed to the negative image of states. It demands macro approach and change of thinking based on the concept of macro society. It is theoretically based on Rousseau and Kant's philosophy. This study rationalizes the realization of world society as a cooperative system for global order through various discussion. The main line of modern discourses advocates that enforcing power be given to the executive organization. But if the enforcing power is the foundation of the executive organization's power, it will just bring power shift and not permanent peace. Some claim that not giving enforcing power is like promoting chaos. But it can be said that the selfishness of nationalism and humans are expressed as the non performance of the abandonment of sovereignty.
This study considers that the cause of changes in international society lies in the establishment of the United Nations, which was formed as a result of the loss of stateness and establishment of a federation of plural and mutually cooperative society and takes this as the motive for world society. This study pays attention to the United Nations because it was formed based on agreement. The purpose and the goal of world society as a cooperative system for global order is the formation of international society based on agreement and this will be realized through the United Nations. The world society as a cooperative system for global order consists of the institutionalized United Nations, states that abandoned sovereignty, and citizens armed with citizenship. The introduction of lottery into election suggested by Garatani and producers' cooperatives are part of it. World society as a cooperative system for order needs the will of its constituents. Will is the foundation of the virtues of nations and citizens and public good is established through this.
This study hopes that the suggestions by Kant and Garatani are realized in the current international society, which has evolved due to the loss of sovereignty and emergence of various bodies, and embodied in world society, a cooperative system for global order. There always has been citizenship but humans have neglected virtues and chosen confrontations. Unless the humans cut the chain of selfishness and self-interest, violent confrontations and exploitation can't be avoided. Humans need to distance themselves from phenomenal alternatives. This study hopes to contribute to the establishment of rational society in which order is maintained by the system of agreement, which started with the United Nations.

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Keywords: Cooperative system for global order, world society, permanent peace, social danger, alternative theory, mutually cooperative, abandonment of sovereignty, citizenship, stateness, globalization, federation, United Nations, nations, citizens, will, public good, discussion, rational society

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 국문초록 ············································································ 1
• 목 차 ············································································ 3
• Ⅰ. 서론 ············································································· 1
• 1. 문제제기 ····································································· 1
• 2. 논문의 목적 ································································· 5
• 3. 논문의 구성 ································································· 7
• Ⅱ. 세계사회의 정의와 이론적 접근 ······································ 10
• 1. 세계사회 규정 ····························································· 10
• 1) 지구시민 사회의 용어의 배경과 세계사회 출현 ·················· 10
• 2) 세계사회의 분류 ······················································· 11
• 3) 지구적 질서협력체제로서의 세계사회 성격과 정의 ··············· 12
• 2. 질서협력체적 세계사회로의 사고 전환과 접근 ······················· 16
• 1) 코페르니쿠스적 사고 전환 ············································ 17
• 2) 거시적 관점으로의 접근 ··············································· 19
• 3. 이론의 역사성 ····························································· 21
• 1) 루소와 사회계약론 ···················································· 22
• 2) 칸트의 법이론 ························································· 25
• 4. 담론의 갈래와 딜레마 ···················································· 29
• 1) 헤겔의 법철학 강요 ··················································· 30
• 2) 국제사회의 현대 담론 ················································ 33
• 3) 딜레마의 요인과 극복 ················································· 37
• 5. 소결 ········································································· 41
• Ⅲ. 질서협력체적 세계사회로의 유인(국가의 변용과 지구화) ····· 43
• 1. 국가패러다임의 변화 ······················································ 43
• 1) 국가의 변용 ···························································· 44
• (1) 무력역할 감소 ····················································· 44
• (2) 경계 모호 ·························································· 46
• 2) 패권국가 미국 ························································· 49
• 2. 근대국가에 도전하는 초국가적 현상(초국가 행위 주체의 등장) ····· 53
• 1) 신자유주의와 다국적 기업 ··········································· 53
• 2) 비정부기구와 사회운동 ··············································· 60
• 3. 국제사회의 변화 - 지구화 ················································· 62
• 1) 초국가적 상호의존 ···················································· 63
• 2) 다원적 사회 ···························································· 65
• 3) 위험사회 ································································ 67
• 4. 질서협력체적 세계사회와 국제연합의 관계 ····························· 68
• 1) 국제연합의 탄생(베스트팔렌조약과 세계대전) ····················· 69
• 2) 국제연합의 모형 ······················································· 71
• 5. 소결 ········································································· 72
• Ⅳ. 질서협력체로서의 세계사회 구상 ···································· 74
• 1. 중심적 제도로서의 국제연합의 한계와 극복 ···························· 74
• 2. 주권을 방기하는 국가 ······················································ 79
• 1) 정치적 영역 ······························································ 79
• 2) 경제적 영역 ······························································ 83
• 3. 질서협력체적 세계사회의 근원인 시민 ································· 88
• 1) 시민용어의 보편화 ······················································ 89
• 2) 시민과의 세계사회의 구조 ············································· 90
• 3) 주체적 시민과 시민운동 ················································· 92
• 4. 질서협력체적 세계사회의 메카니즘 : 시민성 ··························· 95
• 1) 시민성의 정의와 공공성 ·············································· 95
• 2) 시민성과 제도 ··························································· 100
• 5. 소결 ········································································· 102
• Ⅴ. 결론 ············································································ 104
• 1. 국제연합의 탄생과 질서협력체적 세계사회 체현 ····················· 104
• 2. 연구의 한계 ································································ 108
• 참고문헌 ·········································································· 111
• Abstract ·········································································· 117