일본 특수교육사 연구 동향 = Research Trends on the History of Special Education in Japan

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose: This paper intends to present the research trends on the history of special education in Japan, and draw up implications that contribute to expanding the scope of future research trends on the history of special education in Korea. Method: To this end, 200 papers on special education history published in academic journals and university papers in Japan from 2000 to the present were analyzed. The research trends were examined according to four analysis frameworks, periods, region, content, and target type. Result: First, with regard to the analysis of periods, the number of papers published between 2010 and 2012 was the largest, and that between 2016 and 2018 was the smallest, although the number of presentations in each three year period was nearly the same. As for the period of emphasis in the papers, studies covering the period between 1879 and 1944 were the most common, followed by those covering overall periods, those on 1945 to 1979, those on 1980 to present, and those on the period before 1878. Second, in terms of region, there were twice as many papers on Japanese history as on foreign history. In the case of Japanese history, the papers covering Japan's overall special education history accounted for slightly more than those on local history. In the case of foreign history, the overall history was studied more than twice as many times as local history. In particular, papers covering the United States accounted for more than 50% of studies concerning foreign history. Third, the analysis results regarding content showed that special educational system history was covered by the largest number of papers, followed by history of special education contents and teaching methods, history of special educational culture, special educational thought history and history of figures, and history of study on special education. Finally, as shown by the analysis results about target type, papers dealing with general special education were the most common, followed by those discussing intellectual disability. Studies on visual impairment, hearing impairment, and students with low achievement were conducted to a similar degree. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, the research trends on special education history in Japan are discussed, and implications for the study of special education history in Korea are suggested.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

연구목적: 이 연구는 일본 특수교육사 연구 동향의 특성과 그 의미를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 삼고 있으며, 이를 통해 향후 한국 특수교육사 연구의 지평을 확대하는 데 기여하는 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 연구방법: 이를 위해 2000년부터 현재까지 일본의 학회 학술지와 대학 논문집에 발표된 특수교육사를 다룬 논문 200편을 분석 대상으로 삼고, ‘시간 차원, 공간 차원, 내용 차원, 대상 유형’의 네 가지 분석 틀에 따라 연구 동향을 분석하였다. 연구결과: 이 연구의 결과를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, ‘시간 차원’의 분석 결과, 발표 시기는 2010년에서 2012년 사이에 발표된 논문이 가장 많았고, 2016년에서 2018년 사이가 가장 적었으나, 3년 단위의 발표 편수는 거의 유사하였다. 논문에서 중점을 둔 시기는 1879~1944년 사이를 다룬 논문이 가장 많았고, 통사가 그 뒤를 이었으며, 1945~1979년, 1980년~현재, 1878년 이전 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, ‘공간 차원’에서는 일본사를 다룬 논문이 외국사에 비해 두 배 가량 많이 발표되었으며, 일본사의 경우 일본의 전반적인 특수교육사를 다룬 전체사가 지역사에 비해 약간 많은 비중을 차지했다. 외국사의 경우에는 전체사가 지역사보다 두 배 이상 많이 발표되었고, 미국을 연구대상으로 한 논문이 외국사의 50% 이상으로 나타났다. 셋째, ‘내용 차원’의 분석 결과에서는 특수교육제도사를 다룬 논문이 가장 많았으며, 이어 특수교육내용·방법사, 특수교육문화사, 특수교육사상·인물사, 특수교육학사 순으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 ‘대상 유형’은 특수교육일반을 다룬 논문이 가장 많았고, 다음으로 지적장애가 그 뒤를 이었으며, 시각장애와 청각장애, 그리고 학습부진을 다룬 연구는 비슷한 수준으로 이루어졌다. 결론: 연구 결과를 바탕으로 일본 특수교육사 연구 동향의 특성과 그 의미를 논하고, 한국 특수교육사 연구에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

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