Liquid biofuels : fundamentals, characterization, and applications

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xxi
• 1 Introduction to Biomass to Biofuels Technologies / Ezgi Rojda Taymaz ; Mehmet Emin Uslu ; Irem Deniz = 1
• 1.1 Introduction = 1
• 1.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass and Its Composition = 2
• 1.3 Types and Category of the Biomass = 6
• 1.4 Methods of Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Biofuels = 8
• 1.5 Bioethanol and Biobutanol Conversion Techniques = 16
• 1.6 Biogas and Syngas Conversion Techniques = 20
• 1.7 Advantages and Drawbacks of Biofuels = 23
• 1.8 Applications of Biofuels = 25
• 1.9 Future Prospects = 26
• 1.10 Conclusion = 27
• References = 29
• 2 Advancements of Cavitation Technology in Biodiesel Production - from Fundamental Concept to Commercial Scale-Up / Ritesh S. Malani ; Vijayanand S. Moholkar ; Nimir O. Elbashir ; Hanif A. Choudhury = 39
• 2.1 Introduction = 40
• 2.2 Principles of Ultrasound and Cavitation = 43
• 2.3 Intensification of Biodiesel Production Processes Through Cavitational Reactors = 45
• 2.4 Designing the Cavitation Reactors = 59
• 2.5 Scale-Up of Cavitational Reactors = 63
• 2.6 Application of Cavitational Reactors for Large-Scale Biodiesel Production = 66
• 2.7 Future Prospects and Challenges = 67
• References = 67
• 3 Heterogeneous Catalyst for Pyrolysis and Biodiesel Production / Anjana P Anantharaman ; Niju Subramania Pillai = 77
• 3.1 Biodiesel Production = 78
• 3.2 Plastic Pyrolysis = 97
• 3.3 Conclusion = 113
• References = 114
• 4 Algal Biofuel : Emergent Applications in Next-Generation Biofuel Technology / Bidhu Bhusan Makut = 119
• 4.1 Introduction = 120
• 4.2 Burgeoning of Biofuel Resources = 120
• 4.3 Common Steps Adopted for Microalgal Biofuel Production = 121
• 4.4 Types of Microalgal Biofuels and their Emerging Applications = 137
• 4.5 Conclusion = 141
• References = 141
• 5 Co-Liquefaction of Biomass to Biofuels / Gerardo Martinez-Narro ; Anh N. Phan = 145
• 5.1 Introduction = 145
• 5.2 Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) = 147
• 5.3 Co-Liquefaction of Biomass = 151
• 5.4 Current Development, Challenges and Future Perspectives = 171
• 5.5 Conclusions = 174
• Acknowledgments = 174
• References = 174
• 6 Biomass to Bio Jet Fuels : A Take Off to the Aviation Industry / Anjani R K Gollakota ; Anil Kumar Thandlam ; Chi-Min Shu = 183
• 6.1 Introduction = 184
• 6.2 The Transition of Biomass to Biofuels = 185
• 6.3 Properties of Aviation Jet Fuel (Bio-Jet Fuel) = 187
• 6.4 Fuel Specification for Civil Aviation = 188
• 6.5 Choice of Feedstock (Renewable Sources) = 192
• 6.6 Pathways of Biomass to Bio-Jet Fuels = 194
• 6.7 Challenges Associates with the Future of Bio-Jet Fuel Development = 204
• 6.8 Future Perspective = 206
• 6.9 Conclusion = 207
• Acknowledgements = 209
• References = 209
• 7 Advance in Bioethanol Technology : Production and Characterization / Soumya Sasmal ; Kaustubha Mohanty = 215
• 7.1 Introduction = 216
• 7.2 Production Technology of Ethanol and Global Players = 218
• 7.3 Microbiology of Bioethanol Production = 220
• 7.4 Fermentation Technology = 222
• 7.5 Downstream Process = 224
• 7.6 Ethanol Analysis = 225
• 7.7 Conclusion = 227
• References = 228
• 8 Effect of Process Parameters on the Production of Pyrolytic Products from Biomass Through Pyrolysis / Ranjeet Kumar Mishra ; Kaustubha Mohanty = 231
• 8.1 Introduction = 232
• 8.2 Biomass to Energy Conversion Technologies = 233
• 8.3 Advantages of Pyrolysis = 241
• 8.4 Effect of Processing Parameters on Liquid Oil Yield = 242
• 8.5 Types of Reactors = 266
• 8.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Types of Reactors = 272
• 8.7 Conclusion = 274
• Acknowledgements = 275
• References = 275
• 9 Thermo-Catalytic Conversion of Non-Edible Seeds (Extractive-Rich Biomass) to Fuel Oil / Nilutpal Bhuyan ; Neelam Bora ; Rumi Narzari ; Kabita Boruah ; Rupam Kataki = 285
• 9.1 Introduction = 286
• 9.2 Thermochemical Technologies for Liquid Biofuel Production = 289
• 9.3 Feedstock Classification for Biofuel Production = 293
• 9.4 Characterization of Non-Edible Oil Seeds = 310
• 9.5 Thermal Degradation Profile of Different Non-Edible Seeds = 320
• 9.6 Preparation of Raw Materials for Pyrolysis = 322
• 9.7 Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Thermal Conversion for Liquid Fuel Production = 323
• 9.8 Need for Up-Gradation of Pyrolytic Oil = 329
• 9.9 Application of Catalyst in Pyrolysis of Non-Edible Biomass = 330
• 9.10 Effect of Parameters on Liquid Fuel Production = 330
• 9.11 Fuel Properties of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolytic Oil = 343
• 9.12 Challenges in Utilization of Nonedible Oil Seed in Themocatalytic Conversion Process = 345
• 9.13 Advantages and Drawbacks of Seed Pyrolytic Oils = 346
• 9.14 Precautions Associated with the Application of Biofuel = 347
• 9.15 Conclusion and Future Perspectives = 348
• References = 350
• 10 Suitability of Oil Seed Residues as a Potential Source of Bio-Fuels and Bioenergy / Vikranth Volli ; Randeep Singh ; Krushna Prasad Shadangi ; Chi-Min Shu = 361
• 10.1 Introduction = 362
• 10.2 Biomass Conversion Processes = 363
• 10.3 Biomass to Bioenergy via Thermal Pyrolysis = 367
• 10.4 Physicochemical Characterization of Bio-Oil = 370
• 10.5 Engine Performance Analysis = 384
• 10.6 Future Prospects and Recommendations = 386
• 10.7 Conclusion = 387
• Acknowledgments = 387
• References = 387
• 11 Co-Conversion of Algal Biomass to Biofuel / Abhishek Walia ; Chayanika Putatunda ; Preeti Solanki ; Shruti Pathania ; Ravi Kant Bhatia = 391
• 11.1 Introduction = 392
• 11.2 Mechanism of Co-Pyrolysis Process = 394
• 11.3 Factors Impacting Co-Pyrolysis = 398
• 11.4 Recent Advances and Studies on Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Different Substrates = 411
• 11.5 Effect between Biomass and Different Substrates in Co-Pyrolysis = 412
• 11.6 Future Perspectives = 425
• 11.7 Conclusion = 427
• References = 427
• 12 Pyrolysis of Caryota Urens Seeds : Fuel Properties and Compositional Analysis / Midhun Prasad Kothandaraman ; Murugavelh Somasundaram = 441
• 12.1 Introduction = 442
• 12.2 Types of Pyrolysis Reactor = 443
• 12.3 Materials and Methods = 447
• 12.4 Product Analysis = 448
• 12.5 Kinetic Modelling = 449
• 12.6 Result and Discussion = 451
• 12.7 Conclusion = 462
• Acknowledgements = 463
• Nomenclature = 463
• References = 463
• 13 Bio-Butanol as Biofuels : The Present and Future Scope / Seim Timung ; Harsimranpreet Singh ; Anshika Annu = 467
• 13.1 Introduction = 467
• 13.2 Butanol Global Market = 469
• 13.3 History of ABE Fermentation = 469
• 13.4 Feedstocks = 470
• 13.5 Pretreatment Techniques = 476
• 13.6 Fermentation Techniques = 478
• 13.7 Conclusion = 479
• References = 480
• 14 Application of Nanotechnology in the Production of Biofuel / Trinath Biswal ; Krushna Prasad Shadangi = 487
• 14.1 Introduction = 488
• 14.2 Various Nanoparticles Used for Production of Biofuel = 489
• 14.3 Factors Affecting the Performance of Nanoparticles in the Manufacturing Process of Biofuel = 495
• 14.4 Role of Nanomaterials in the Synthesis of Biofuels = 496
• 14.5 Utilization of Nanomaterials for the Production of Biofuel = 497
• 14.6 Conclusion = 510
• References = 511
• 15 Experimental Investigation of Long Run Viability of Engine Oil Properties in DI Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel, Bioethanol and Biodiesel Blend 517 Dulari Hansdah and S. Murugan
• 15.1 Introduction = 518
• 15.2 Materials and Method = 519
• 15.3 Test Procedure = 522
• 15.4 Result Analysis = 528
• 15.5 Conclusion = 541
• References = 541
• 16 Studies on the Diesel Blends Oxidative Stability in Mixture with TBHQ Antioxidant and Soft Computation Approach Using ANN and RSM at Varying Blend Ratio 543 Ramesh Kasimani
• 16.1 Introduction = 544
• 16.2 Materials and Methodology = 545
• 16.3 Results and Discussion = 555
• 16.4 Response Surface Methodology for Performance Parameter = 570
• 16.5 Modelling of ANN = 593
• 16.6 Validation of RSM and ANN = 599
• 16.7 Conclusion 606 References = 608
• 17 Effect of Nanoparticles in Bio-Oil on the Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine / V.Dhana Raju ; S.Rami Reddy ; Harish Venu ; Lingesan Subramani ; Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar = 613
• 17.1 Introduction = 614
• 17.2 Materials and Methods = 618
• 17.3 Experimental Setup = 621
• 17.4 Results and Discussion = 623
• 17.5 Conclusions 633 Abbreviations = 634
• Nomenclature = 634
• References = 635
• 18 Use of Optimization Techniques to Study the Engine Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine / Sakthivel R ; Mohanraj T, Abbhijith H ; Ganesh Kumar P = 639
• 18.1 Introduction = 640
• 18.2 Engine Parameter Optimization Using Taguchi's S / N = 645
• 18.3 Engine Parameter Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology = 649
• 18.4 Artificial Neural Networks = 653
• 18.5 Genetic Algorithm = 659
• 18.6 TOPSIS Algorithm = 662
• 18.7 Grey Relational Analysis = 669
• 18.8 Fuzzy Optimization = 674
• 18.9 Conclusion = 675
• Abbreviations = 676
• References = 676
• 19 Engine Performance and Emission Analysis of Biodiesel-Diesel and Biomass Pyrolytic Oil-Diesel Blended Oil: A Comparative Study 681 K. Adithya, C.M Jagadesh Kumar, C.G. Mohan, R. Prakash and N. Gunasekar
• 19.1 Introduction = 682
• 19.2 Experimental Analysis = 683
• 19.3 Experimental Set-Up = 685
• 19.4 Results and Discussion = 687
• 19.5 Conclusion = 692
• References = 693
• 20 Agro-Waste for Second-Generation Biofuels / Prakash Kumar Sarangi ; Mousumi Meghamala Nayak = 697
• 20.1 Introduction = 697
• 20.2 Agro-Wastes = 699
• 20.3 Value-Addition of Agro-Wastes = 700
• 20.4 Production of Second-Generation Biofuels = 702
• References = 706
• Index = 711