불교의 요가 수행을 통한 심리치료 : 아스탕가 요가 수행체계 중심으로 = Psychological therapy based on Yoga practice of Buddhism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is First is to find the causes of psychological problems and mental anguish of human through Buddhism and Yoga.
Second is to understand the importance and the necessity of the personal practice in Buddhism and yoga achievement that appears in the practice of Buddhism.
Third is to recognize the psychological effectiveness achieved on the process of analyzing and performing the each level of the practices of classical yoga.
Fourth, With traditional achievement system of yoga the real values of the practice of yoga can be admitted and applied to modern counselling and psychical cure for improving human mental conditions.
The traditional yoga can be said that it is a kind of a practical method of achievement in the early Buddhism.
The view of human in Buddhism is that everyone has the nature of buddha and to be as human being or to be as a buddha depend on their mind. That is, everything is created by their mind. In Buddhism it is said that human consist of panca-skandha form, perceptions, thought, mental formations, consciousness.
All kinds of mental pains are originated from ignorance and this ignorance causes psychological pains. By performing yoga practice we can control the mind and obtain psychological peaceful mind condition. Generally, three types of yoga are used to performing yoga practice. One is Astanga yoga another is Hatha yoga and the last is Raja yoga.
Astanga yoga emphasizes ethical commandment and admonition to be kept. Astanga yoga is not to restrict human free will but to find the real nature of human and to obtain peaceful mind condition and the real I. On the other hand Hatha yoga emphasizes physical practice rather than Astanga yoga. Asana- a way of physical yoga practice-and Pranayama- a way of breathing- are important part of Hatha yoga. Practicing Hatha yoga enable human to vitalize their body system and to clear their mind. Concentration and meditation are the core factors in Raja yoga. Practicing Raja yoga helps to concentrate on one subject in mind and maintain the concentration and finally reach the real relaxation.
At the moment of performing yoga practice all the process of mind stops and enables us to gaze in one spot in mind and finally make us to realize that all the appearance occurring in mind is just action of mind created by cause and occasion like chains. The the existing state of things and the real nature of human are not different things. They are come from the same origin. The entire practical system of Astanga yoga is to balance human body condition and mind condition. Performing physical practice improves mind condition and vice versa.
In modern society yoga is just known as a kind of physical practice method. But yoga has more meanings than what we think. As human beings consist of physical things and spiritual things they are interacting each other. They seem to be far from each other but actually are not. In order to improve their conditions we must know what the real relations they have. At this point the traditional yoga is not simple physical practice method. By performing yoga practice we can achieve not only physical advancement but also spiritual promotion. Furthermore mastering each stage of yoga we can reduce personal stress and tension, overcome mental obstacles and finally achieve the real goal
Modern medical science and western psychical cure have an effect on healing small parts of spirit and body of human. But yoga is not a way of therapy that only heals one part of problems human beings might have. Yoga can be holistic way of therapy. By performing the practice of yoga human can solve their physical and spiritual problems and change themselves and achieve the real goal.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구의 범위와 방법 = 3
• Ⅱ. 불교와 요가의 이해 = 6
• 1. 불교의 마음 = 6
• (1) 불교의 인간관 = 6
• (2) 마음의 구조와 작용 = 8
• (3) 심리적 고통의 원인 = 10
• 2. 요가의 이해 = 13
• (1) 요가의 의미 = 13
• (2) 요가의 心(Citta)과 心 작용(citta-vritti) = 16
• (3) 심리적 문제의 발생과 원인 = 20
• Ⅲ. 불교의 요가 수행 = 27
• 1. 禪定의 요가 = 28
• 2. 大乘 瑜伽行派의 瑜伽 = 30
• (1) 유가행파의 상응(相應) = 30
• (2) 유식의 지관(止觀) 수행 = 31
• (3) 유식 수행의 오위설(五位說) = 33
• 3. 八正道와 八肢 요가(Astanga Yoga) = 35
• (1) 三學과 팔정도 수행 = 35
• (2) 아스탕가 요가 = 36
• Ⅳ. 요가 수행 체계로 본 심리적 효과 = 40
• 1. 윤리적 수행 = 40
• (1) 금계(禁戒, Yama) = 40
• (2) 권계(勸戒, Niyama) = 44
• 2. 육체적 수행의 하타(Hatha) 요가 = 47
• (1) 좌법(坐法, Asana) = 47
• (2) 조식(調息, Pranayama) = 52
• (3) 제감(制感, Pratyahara) = 59
• 3. 정신적 수행의 라자(Raja) 요가 = 62
• (1) 응념(凝念, Dharana) = 62
• (2) 정려(靜慮, Dhyana) = 64
• (3) 삼매(三昧, Samadhi) = 71
• Ⅴ. 요가 수행을 통한 심리치료 = 76
• 1. 인간에 대한 이해 = 76
• 2. 체험에 의한 자기탐구 = 79
• 3. 자기실현과 합일의식 = 82
• Ⅵ. 결론 = 88
• 참고문헌 = 94
• ABSTRACT = 98