Religious Nationalism and Sino-India Relations : the Second Image Analysis of India’s Hedging Policy towards China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has pursued a hedging policy against China by seeking much closer alignment with the United States and at the same time maintaining stable bilateral diplomatic relations with China. Such policy behavior of Modi government is considered deviant from the past foreign policy decisions conducted by the previous Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh. This comparative case analysis provides the comparison between policy decisions of Manmohan Singh and that of Narendra Modi in terms of its great power relations. This paper argues that one of the key determinants to India’s hedging against China is the political ideology of the ruling party. The underpinning ideology of Hindu nationalism led the policy decision makers to depart from previous Nehruvian principle and to react more sensitively to the security challenges. In the contemporary era of right-wing populism, the analysis of India’s hedging strategy yields a significant implication considering India is in the center of geopolitical strategic importance with the rise of new strategic realm called Indo-pacific.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1
• 1.1 Evolving Concept of Hedging Strategy in International Relations 2
• 1.2 Hedging Strategy in the Context of Sino-India Relations 3
• Chapter 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: INDIA’S GREAT POWER RELATIONS 9
• 2.1 Literature Review 9
• 2.2 Limitations of Existing Literatures 13
• 2.3 Effects of Political Ideology on Foreign Policy Decisions 16
• 2.4 Research Design 19
• Chapter 3. DETERMINANTS OF INDIAN POLICY BEHAVIORS: FROM THE INTERNAL PERSPECTIVES 21
• 3.1 Historical Overview: Driving Forces behind the Foreign Policy Decisions from Nehruvian Idealism to Post-Nehruvian Pragmatism 21
• 3.2 Domestic Driving Forces of India’s Foreign Policy Behavior under the Indian National Congress: Resurgent Nehruvian Secularism and its Effects 25
• 3.3 Domestic Driving Forces of India’s Foreign Policy Behavior under the Bharatiya Janata Party: Hindu Nationalism and its Effects 29
• Chapter 4. U.S. POLICY AS A SYSTEMIC LEVEL FACTOR: INTERNATIONAL FACTOR IN SHAPING INDIA’S POLICY TOWARDS THE GREAT POWER RELATIONS 33
• 4.1 The Rise of India and United States’ Policy towards India: Rebalancing to Asia and the Geopolitical Significance of Indo-Pacific Region 33
• 4.2 India’s Policy Response to United States under UPA Government 39
• 4.3 Narendra Modi’s Policy Response to United States: Beyond the Natural Allies 43
• Chapter 5. INDIA’S HEDGING POLICY TOWARDS CHINA: A MIXTURE OF ENGAGEMENT AND DETERRENCE 48
• 5.1 China’s Policy towards South Asia and Dynamics of Sino-India Relations 48
• 5.2 Sino-India Relations under the UPA Government 54
• 5.3 Narendra Modi’s Policy towards China: Hedging and Temperate Hostility 60
• Chapter 6. CONCLUSION 68
• Bibliography 72