한국과 미국 예산결정과정 비교 분석 = Comparison of US and ROK Budget Making Press

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The process of making a national budget reflects the power dynamics between parliament and government and other participants. This study analyzes the budget decision process of South Korea, which adopts budget non-legalism and the budget legalism of the United States. In South Korea, the right to organize the national budget is given to the government and the right to review and vote for it is given to the National Assembly. Before 2012, the budget proposal was enforced in the most extreme confrontation. After 2012, all budget proposals have been passed, but severe structural limitations have been found in that the opposition party could not take an initiative because of the automatic budget provision. The US budget legalism means that Congress has the power to organize and review the national budgets without being bound by the president`s budget request. In the United States, the partisan polarization and confrontation has at times created a crisis in the budget process. In order to solve this problem, the United States introduced special institutions such as the Super Committee and Sequestration. In the US budget making process, the bipartisanship is supposed to be formed. This could be found in the case of the Bipartisan Budget Act that resolved the issue of defense budget under the sequestrations in 2013. Because in the United States, the bipartisanship consensus can be formed by law under the budgetary legalism, it can eliminate uncertainty in forecasting and prevent confusion caused by political changes in the future. The US budget making process reflects the value of a matured democracy of `consensus` with sufficient deliberation and the respect for all the individual political judgments. However, in the South Korean case, due to institutional flaws and short review periods, there often arise extreme conflicts because of political polarization and the marginalization of many stakeholders. Therefore, in order to improve the Korean budget process, this study suggests the following institutional measures to be adopted: the introduction of budgetary legalism, the abolishment of Government`s Consent to Increase the Budget, the establishment of a bipartisan committee with substantial authority and the amendment of the National Finance Law to drastically revise the budget review process and install the Executive Committee.

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