RISS 학술연구정보서비스

검색
다국어 입력

http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.

변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.

예시)
  • 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
  • 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
닫기
    인기검색어 순위 펼치기

    RISS 인기검색어

      WTO농업협정 하에서 농산물 시장 접근 제도에 관한 연구 : 중국을 중심으로

      한글로보기

      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12293074

      • 0

        상세조회
      • 0

        다운로드
      서지정보 열기
      • 내보내기
      • 내책장담기
      • 공유하기
      • 오류접수

      부가정보

      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      WTO regulation for agricultural market access is essentially a kind of discipline which standardizes and restricts a kind of rules, policies and measures related to agricultural market access. WTO agricultural trade system based on Agreement on Agriculture would incorporate the agricultural policy into the multilateral discipline for the first time. At the same time, Agreement on Agriculture abolished non-tariff barriers to market access and established a single tariff protection system as a starting point to solve the problem. Therefore, a new regulation system for agricultural market access was established. But, each member state, especially developed countries used various technical means to alleviate the impact of tariffication on their domestic markets which have been highly protected, furthermore, the exceptions for the single tariff protection discipline considerably limited market access commitments which member states, especially developing countries obtained based on Agreement on Agriculture while increasing the pressure on them to open their markets. For this reason, WTO member states had intensive negotiations on tariff concession as a primary issue, along with tariffs, quotas, special products, special safeguard mechanism, importing state trading enterprises, and other issues related to agricultural market access in Doha Round negotiations on agriculture.

      Although Uruguay Round reached Agreement on Agriculture, trade barriers to the agricultural market access in each country are still very high. The main reason is that the tariff concession method of Uruguay Round led to the problems of tariff peaks and tariff escalation, and interfered with agricultural products in developing countries to access to the developed-country markets. For this reason, the negotiation on the tariff concession method became a major focus in Uruguay Round negotiations on agricultural market access. All of the member states disputed about the choice of tariff concession method and it showed their attitudes toward the tariff reduction. The establishment of a single tiered formula for tariff reduction will be undoubtedly conducive to the achievement of “deeper cuts on higher tariffs” objective, and the problems of tariff peaks and tariff escalation will be limited to some extent;

      Since all of the member states reached a consensus on using a four-tiered formula for tariff reduction, the biggest obstacle to the negotiation on agricultural market access has been removed. Although the member states would keep arguing about the critical point of each band, tariff cap and tariff reduction rate in each band, but it is already very close to final agreement. Of course, it ultimately depends on the member states political will to promote negotiations. In the current round of negotiation, the rise of developing countries became a major highlight, and they showed the growth of the power and adopted the unity strategy of developing countries. The pattern of trade negotiations which was under Europe and America’s hegemony has been changed to a large extent. with efforts of developing countries, Special and Differential treatment for developing countries was embodied in tariff concession and quota management, also more important thing was that special products and SSM obtained the legal standing in agricultural market access negotiations. This is undoubtedly conducive to building a fair global multilateral agricultural trade system. We believe that even though member states still have some disagreements over sensitive products, special products and SSM after long and arduous negotiations, a brand-new and ambitious regulation system for agricultural market access is almost certain to be ready.

      China has made significants commitments about agricultural market access on WTO Protocol of Accession. With the progress of negotiations on agricultural market access, China may face a tremendous pressure of opening its agricultural market. In order to occupy a favorable position in negotiations on global agricultural trade and afterwards international competition and to obtain a fair and reasonable global agricultural trade order for Chinese agriculture through negotiations, China must fully participate in establishing a new regulation system for agricultural market access. This suggested that on one hand, China should be “a responsible developing country”as will as adhere to two identities, both of developing country member and recently acceded member to obtain a deserved treatment; on the other hand, China should take its responsibilities and faithfully implement commitments about market access under the premise of equality. At the same time, China should adopt flexible and pragmatic negotiation strategies for tariff concession, quota management, special products and special safeguard measures and work harder to make WTO regulation for agricultural market access reflect the interests of China and other developing country members as much as possible.

      Regarding tariff concessions: 1) China should strongly support the proposal about tariff cap and strive for tariff restriction cap at a lower level. There is no impact on China no matter what tariff cap was proposed. Tariff cap will result in tariff reduction to developed country members, also be a fundamental solution for tariff problems in developed countries. 2) China should actively support a maximum tariff rate. The highest tariff rate in China is only 65% and the number of tariff item is so limited. Therefore, the regulation of a maximum tariff rate has no significant effect on tariff reduction in China, but it has a marvelous effect on tariff reduction in other countries. 3) China should actively support to convert a non-ad valorem duty into an ad valorem duty. China has a very limited number of non-ad valorem duties and the conversion process will not produce any significant negative effect. 4) China should persistently limit the number of tariff item on sensitive agricultural products. The export markets for bulk farm products of China are relatively concentrated, so if it is unable to effectively prevent for importing countries from limiting the number of tariff item on sensitive agricultural products, even a higher rate of tariff reduction proposal could not improve the market access opportunities effectively. 5) In the selection of the band amplitude, China should choose the proposal of smaller band amplitude. China cannot make any commitment about a higher tariff reduction. China should adopt defensive tactics for negotiations and strive for the commitment about a minimum tariff concession on agricultural products.

      Regarding tariff quotas and its management: 1) China should support the proposals to keep expanding quota quantity and reducing in-quota tariff. 2) should be concerned about the dispute on “state trading” management method. 3) should support to establish an open and transparent tariff quota management system 4) may support “Harbinson Draft” on the regulation of tariff quota quantity, i.e the tariff quota quantity of developed country members should be raised to 10% of domestic consumption, implementation period of 5 years, the tariff quota quantity of developing country members should be raised to 6.6% of domestic consumption, implementation period of 10 years.

      In Special Safeguard provisions:1) Special products: To protect the weak agricultural products, China must pay full attention to the rules of special products. In the selection of special products, China should focus on the land-intensive which do not have the competitive advantage. Meanwhile, the most fundamental thing with respect to the selection of special products is to analyze the degree of agricultural products for the food security and the peasantry livelihood, otherwise, it may expand the scope of protection, so difficult to achieve its protection purpose. 2) In Special Safeguard Mechanism: China should insist on an abolition of current SSG provisions for the developed -country members and support an establishment of SSM provisions for developing-country members only. Regarding the policy objectives of Special Safeguard Mechanism, China should work with developing -country members and adhere to the maintenance of the food security and income of poor farmers as a core goal. Regarding selection of the product rage for SSM, China should prepare in advance the product list which meets their best interests. On the choice of the trigger systems for SSM, to adopt both trigger price and trigger level systems as a trigger mechanism of SSM will be more conducive to maintaining the stability of supply and demand in China’s domestic market and protecting the interests of grain farmers, this is also supported by most of the developing-country members. 3) Given that China is a huge trading power which is different from other developing countries, China should be more concerned about the transparency and the implementation procedures of SSM. Meanwhile, SSM trigger procedure should be as transparent as possible so that the exporting countries and other member states can take necessary measures. The data of trigger level should be annually reported to the WTO Committee on Agriculture, also the revised contents should be promptly reported to the Committee.
      번역하기

      WTO regulation for agricultural market access is essentially a kind of discipline which standardizes and restricts a kind of rules, policies and measures related to agricultural market access. WTO agricultural trade system based on Agreement on Agric...

      WTO regulation for agricultural market access is essentially a kind of discipline which standardizes and restricts a kind of rules, policies and measures related to agricultural market access. WTO agricultural trade system based on Agreement on Agriculture would incorporate the agricultural policy into the multilateral discipline for the first time. At the same time, Agreement on Agriculture abolished non-tariff barriers to market access and established a single tariff protection system as a starting point to solve the problem. Therefore, a new regulation system for agricultural market access was established. But, each member state, especially developed countries used various technical means to alleviate the impact of tariffication on their domestic markets which have been highly protected, furthermore, the exceptions for the single tariff protection discipline considerably limited market access commitments which member states, especially developing countries obtained based on Agreement on Agriculture while increasing the pressure on them to open their markets. For this reason, WTO member states had intensive negotiations on tariff concession as a primary issue, along with tariffs, quotas, special products, special safeguard mechanism, importing state trading enterprises, and other issues related to agricultural market access in Doha Round negotiations on agriculture.

      Although Uruguay Round reached Agreement on Agriculture, trade barriers to the agricultural market access in each country are still very high. The main reason is that the tariff concession method of Uruguay Round led to the problems of tariff peaks and tariff escalation, and interfered with agricultural products in developing countries to access to the developed-country markets. For this reason, the negotiation on the tariff concession method became a major focus in Uruguay Round negotiations on agricultural market access. All of the member states disputed about the choice of tariff concession method and it showed their attitudes toward the tariff reduction. The establishment of a single tiered formula for tariff reduction will be undoubtedly conducive to the achievement of “deeper cuts on higher tariffs” objective, and the problems of tariff peaks and tariff escalation will be limited to some extent;

      Since all of the member states reached a consensus on using a four-tiered formula for tariff reduction, the biggest obstacle to the negotiation on agricultural market access has been removed. Although the member states would keep arguing about the critical point of each band, tariff cap and tariff reduction rate in each band, but it is already very close to final agreement. Of course, it ultimately depends on the member states political will to promote negotiations. In the current round of negotiation, the rise of developing countries became a major highlight, and they showed the growth of the power and adopted the unity strategy of developing countries. The pattern of trade negotiations which was under Europe and America’s hegemony has been changed to a large extent. with efforts of developing countries, Special and Differential treatment for developing countries was embodied in tariff concession and quota management, also more important thing was that special products and SSM obtained the legal standing in agricultural market access negotiations. This is undoubtedly conducive to building a fair global multilateral agricultural trade system. We believe that even though member states still have some disagreements over sensitive products, special products and SSM after long and arduous negotiations, a brand-new and ambitious regulation system for agricultural market access is almost certain to be ready.

      China has made significants commitments about agricultural market access on WTO Protocol of Accession. With the progress of negotiations on agricultural market access, China may face a tremendous pressure of opening its agricultural market. In order to occupy a favorable position in negotiations on global agricultural trade and afterwards international competition and to obtain a fair and reasonable global agricultural trade order for Chinese agriculture through negotiations, China must fully participate in establishing a new regulation system for agricultural market access. This suggested that on one hand, China should be “a responsible developing country”as will as adhere to two identities, both of developing country member and recently acceded member to obtain a deserved treatment; on the other hand, China should take its responsibilities and faithfully implement commitments about market access under the premise of equality. At the same time, China should adopt flexible and pragmatic negotiation strategies for tariff concession, quota management, special products and special safeguard measures and work harder to make WTO regulation for agricultural market access reflect the interests of China and other developing country members as much as possible.

      Regarding tariff concessions: 1) China should strongly support the proposal about tariff cap and strive for tariff restriction cap at a lower level. There is no impact on China no matter what tariff cap was proposed. Tariff cap will result in tariff reduction to developed country members, also be a fundamental solution for tariff problems in developed countries. 2) China should actively support a maximum tariff rate. The highest tariff rate in China is only 65% and the number of tariff item is so limited. Therefore, the regulation of a maximum tariff rate has no significant effect on tariff reduction in China, but it has a marvelous effect on tariff reduction in other countries. 3) China should actively support to convert a non-ad valorem duty into an ad valorem duty. China has a very limited number of non-ad valorem duties and the conversion process will not produce any significant negative effect. 4) China should persistently limit the number of tariff item on sensitive agricultural products. The export markets for bulk farm products of China are relatively concentrated, so if it is unable to effectively prevent for importing countries from limiting the number of tariff item on sensitive agricultural products, even a higher rate of tariff reduction proposal could not improve the market access opportunities effectively. 5) In the selection of the band amplitude, China should choose the proposal of smaller band amplitude. China cannot make any commitment about a higher tariff reduction. China should adopt defensive tactics for negotiations and strive for the commitment about a minimum tariff concession on agricultural products.

      Regarding tariff quotas and its management: 1) China should support the proposals to keep expanding quota quantity and reducing in-quota tariff. 2) should be concerned about the dispute on “state trading” management method. 3) should support to establish an open and transparent tariff quota management system 4) may support “Harbinson Draft” on the regulation of tariff quota quantity, i.e the tariff quota quantity of developed country members should be raised to 10% of domestic consumption, implementation period of 5 years, the tariff quota quantity of developing country members should be raised to 6.6% of domestic consumption, implementation period of 10 years.

      In Special Safeguard provisions:1) Special products: To protect the weak agricultural products, China must pay full attention to the rules of special products. In the selection of special products, China should focus on the land-intensive which do not have the competitive advantage. Meanwhile, the most fundamental thing with respect to the selection of special products is to analyze the degree of agricultural products for the food security and the peasantry livelihood, otherwise, it may expand the scope of protection, so difficult to achieve its protection purpose. 2) In Special Safeguard Mechanism: China should insist on an abolition of current SSG provisions for the developed -country members and support an establishment of SSM provisions for developing-country members only. Regarding the policy objectives of Special Safeguard Mechanism, China should work with developing -country members and adhere to the maintenance of the food security and income of poor farmers as a core goal. Regarding selection of the product rage for SSM, China should prepare in advance the product list which meets their best interests. On the choice of the trigger systems for SSM, to adopt both trigger price and trigger level systems as a trigger mechanism of SSM will be more conducive to maintaining the stability of supply and demand in China’s domestic market and protecting the interests of grain farmers, this is also supported by most of the developing-country members. 3) Given that China is a huge trading power which is different from other developing countries, China should be more concerned about the transparency and the implementation procedures of SSM. Meanwhile, SSM trigger procedure should be as transparent as possible so that the exporting countries and other member states can take necessary measures. The data of trigger level should be annually reported to the WTO Committee on Agriculture, also the revised contents should be promptly reported to the Committee.

      더보기

      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)


      “케네디 라운드” 이후 진행된 다자간 무역 협상에서, 농산물 무역 문제를 GATT 관리 체제에 편입시키려는 시도가 있었으나 성공하지 못했다. 농업 보호주의를 효과적으로 제재할 수 없었기 때문에, 선진국은 GATT의 제도적 결함을 이용하여 농업 보조금과 수입 제한 정책을 추진함으로써 농산물 구조에 심각한 불균형과 생산 과잉을 초래했으며, 농산물 무역 충돌이 빈번하게 발생했다. 20세기 80년대 초에는, 국제 농산물 무역 충돌이 지속적으로 확대되어 국제 농산물 시장을 심하게 왜곡시켰으며, 또한 각국의 국내 농산물 시장에 영향을 미쳤다. 1986년 “우루과이 라운드” 협상이 시작되었을 때, 농산물 무역 문제는 이 협상의 핵심 의제로 떠올랐으며, 농업 협상은 주로 미국, 유럽 공동체와 케언즈 그룹의 3대 이익 집단 사이에서 진행되었다. 협상의 목적은 공정하고, 시장 지향적인 농산물 무역 체계를 확립하는 것이었으며, 당시 WTO 《농업협정》은 새로운 농산물 무역 규정을 확립하여 농산물 무역 질서를 회복시키고 희망찬 출발을 했지만, 이 협정 자체의 결함으로 인해 시행 중 일련의 부정적인 영향을 초래했다. 그러나, 세계화한 농산물 무역 자유화를 지속시키기 위해, 2000년 DDA 농업 협상이 시작되었다. 2003년 칸쿤 회의가 개최되었으나, 당시 선진국과 개발도상국이 농산물 무역에 대한 심각한 의견 차이를 좁히지 못해 회의는 성과 없이 끝났다. 그 후, WTO 회원국들은 서로간의 일정한 타협과 양보를 통해 2004년 8월 《농산물기본협의》를 달성했으며, 이 협의는 WTO 뉴라운드 협상이 얻어낸 하나의 잠정적인 성과로, 차기 협상을 위한 방향을 제시했다.

      중국의《농업협정》가입은 비교적 최근의 일로, 농산물 시장 접근 분야의 법률이 아직 확립되지 않아, 국내 농산물 시장을 보호하기 위해 WTO 《농업협정》을 참고로 자국의 시장 접근 법률 제도를 완성시켜야 했다. WTO의 규범이 허용하는 범위 내에서 시장 개방과 적절한 자국 농업 보호 간의 균형을 유지하고, WTO 농산물 시장 접근 규정을 충분히 이용하여 중국 농산물이 더 넓은 국제 시장으로 진출할 수 있게 하려면, 도하 농업 시장 접근 협상과 관련된 법률 사안을 깊이 이해하고 파악하여, DDA 농업 시장 접근 협상에서의 중국의 역할을 정확히 인식하고 원칙성과 탄력성을 겸비한 협상 전술을 채택하여, 새로운 농산물 무역 시장 접근 규정 내에서 중국의 이익과 요구를 최대한 실현시켜야 한다.
      번역하기

      “케네디 라운드” 이후 진행된 다자간 무역 협상에서, 농산물 무역 문제를 GATT 관리 체제에 편입시키려는 시도가 있었으나 성공하지 못했다. 농업 보호주의를 효과적으로 제재할 수 없...


      “케네디 라운드” 이후 진행된 다자간 무역 협상에서, 농산물 무역 문제를 GATT 관리 체제에 편입시키려는 시도가 있었으나 성공하지 못했다. 농업 보호주의를 효과적으로 제재할 수 없었기 때문에, 선진국은 GATT의 제도적 결함을 이용하여 농업 보조금과 수입 제한 정책을 추진함으로써 농산물 구조에 심각한 불균형과 생산 과잉을 초래했으며, 농산물 무역 충돌이 빈번하게 발생했다. 20세기 80년대 초에는, 국제 농산물 무역 충돌이 지속적으로 확대되어 국제 농산물 시장을 심하게 왜곡시켰으며, 또한 각국의 국내 농산물 시장에 영향을 미쳤다. 1986년 “우루과이 라운드” 협상이 시작되었을 때, 농산물 무역 문제는 이 협상의 핵심 의제로 떠올랐으며, 농업 협상은 주로 미국, 유럽 공동체와 케언즈 그룹의 3대 이익 집단 사이에서 진행되었다. 협상의 목적은 공정하고, 시장 지향적인 농산물 무역 체계를 확립하는 것이었으며, 당시 WTO 《농업협정》은 새로운 농산물 무역 규정을 확립하여 농산물 무역 질서를 회복시키고 희망찬 출발을 했지만, 이 협정 자체의 결함으로 인해 시행 중 일련의 부정적인 영향을 초래했다. 그러나, 세계화한 농산물 무역 자유화를 지속시키기 위해, 2000년 DDA 농업 협상이 시작되었다. 2003년 칸쿤 회의가 개최되었으나, 당시 선진국과 개발도상국이 농산물 무역에 대한 심각한 의견 차이를 좁히지 못해 회의는 성과 없이 끝났다. 그 후, WTO 회원국들은 서로간의 일정한 타협과 양보를 통해 2004년 8월 《농산물기본협의》를 달성했으며, 이 협의는 WTO 뉴라운드 협상이 얻어낸 하나의 잠정적인 성과로, 차기 협상을 위한 방향을 제시했다.

      중국의《농업협정》가입은 비교적 최근의 일로, 농산물 시장 접근 분야의 법률이 아직 확립되지 않아, 국내 농산물 시장을 보호하기 위해 WTO 《농업협정》을 참고로 자국의 시장 접근 법률 제도를 완성시켜야 했다. WTO의 규범이 허용하는 범위 내에서 시장 개방과 적절한 자국 농업 보호 간의 균형을 유지하고, WTO 농산물 시장 접근 규정을 충분히 이용하여 중국 농산물이 더 넓은 국제 시장으로 진출할 수 있게 하려면, 도하 농업 시장 접근 협상과 관련된 법률 사안을 깊이 이해하고 파악하여, DDA 농업 시장 접근 협상에서의 중국의 역할을 정확히 인식하고 원칙성과 탄력성을 겸비한 협상 전술을 채택하여, 새로운 농산물 무역 시장 접근 규정 내에서 중국의 이익과 요구를 최대한 실현시켜야 한다.

      더보기

      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • 목차
      • 제1장 서론 1
      • 제1절 연구 배경 및 연구 의의 1
      • 1. 연구 배경 1
      • 목차
      • 제1장 서론 1
      • 제1절 연구 배경 및 연구 의의 1
      • 1. 연구 배경 1
      • 2. 연구 의의 3
      • 제2절 농산물 시장 접근 제도의 정의와 연구 방법 5
      • 1. 농산물 시장 접근 제도의 정의 5
      • (1) 시장 접근 제도 정의 분석 5
      • (2) 농산물 시장 접근 제도 정의 분석 6
      • 2. 연구 방법 7
      • 제2장 WTO제도하 농산물 시장 접근 제도 연구 10
      • 제1절 GATT체제하 농산물 시장 접근 제도 및 문제점 10
      • 1. GATT체제하 농산물 시장 접근 제도의 문제점 10
      • (1) 예외 조항 11
      • 1) 배경 11
      • 2) 문제점 12
      • (2) GATT체제하 기타 비관세 조치의 근거 14
      • 1) 조부 조항 15
      • 2) 법적 면제 15
      • 3) 회색 조치 16
      • 2. GATT체제하 주요 선진국의 농산물 시장 접근에
      • 관한 정책 17
      • (1) 미국의 수입 제한 조치 17
      • (2) EC의 수입 제한 조치 18
      • (3) 일본의 수입 제한 조치 19
      • (4) 수입 제한 조치 부정적 영향 19
      • 제2절 WTO농산물 시장 접근 규정에 관한 연구 21
      • 1. WTO하 농산물 시장 접근 제도 21
      • (1) 관세화 및 관세인하 21
      • (2) 적절한 시장 접근 기회 및 관세 할당 25
      • (3) 단일 관세 보호 원칙의 예외 27
      • 1) 특별세이프가드조치 27
      • 2) 농업협정하 특별세이프가드조치와 WTO하 일반세이프가드조치의
      • 비교 29
      • 3) 특별 대우 30
      • 2. WTO시장 접근 제도의 문제점 31
      • (1) 과도한 관세 보호 수준 32
      • 1) 관세화로 인한 고관세 문제 32
      • 2) 관세정점 문제 33
      • 3) 경사관세 문제 34
      • (2) 비종가관세의 투명성 문제 34
      • (3) 관세할당 문제 35
      • 1) 높은 할당내관세 35
      • 2) 할당 관리 방법의 불균형 36
      • (4) 특별세이프가드조항의 문제점 37
      • 1) 적용 국가와 품목 제한 37
      • 2) 낮은 가격 발동 수준 38
      • 3) 효과의 불확실성 38
      • (5) 소결 38
      • 제3절 DDA 농업 협상 중 시장 접근 문제 40
      • 1. DDA 농업 협상의 배경 40
      • 2. 시장 접근 분야 성과 41
      • (1) 칸쿤회의 41
      • (2) 제네바조약 43
      • (3) 홍콩회의 45
      • 3. DDA 농업 시장 접근 협상의 쟁점 48
      • (1) 농산물 관세와 관세 인하에 관한 논쟁 48
      • (2) 관세 할당과 할당 관리에 관한 논쟁 53
      • (3) 특별세이프가드조치에 관한 논쟁 56
      • (4) 국영 무역 기업에 관한 논쟁 61
      • 4. 각국 입장 64
      • (1) 미국의 입장 64
      • (2) EC의 입장 65
      • (3) 개도국의 입장 66
      • 5. DDA 협상에 관한 새로운 협상에 관한 전망 67
      • (1) 농산물 시장 접근 협상에서 필요적 고려 사항 67
      • 1) 특혜 침식 문제 67
      • 2) 상표 문제 68
      • 3) 지리적 표시 문제 69
      • 4) 식품 안전 문제 69
      • (2) 협상 달성 요소 분석 70
      • 1) 선진 회원국의 정치적 의지 70
      • 2) 각종 모순 조정 71
      • 3) WTO체제 자체 문제 72
      • 4) 개도국 과 저개발국의 특수 의지 74
      • 제4절 소결 75
      • 제3장 중국의 농산물 시장 접근 제도 77
      • 제1절 중국의 농산물 시장 접근 개요 77
      • 1. WTO 농업협정 하 농산물 시장 접근 승낙 77
      • (1) 비관세 조치 철폐 77
      • (2) 관세 양허와 인하 77
      • (3) 적절한 시장 접근 기회 79
      • (4) 특별세이프가드조치의 포기 80
      • 2. 농업협정 하 구체적 제도 시행 현황 81
      • (1) 관세 인하 조치 81
      • (2) 수입 관세 할당 규정 82
      • (3) 수입 할당의 분배 방식 84
      • 3. 농산물 시장 접근 제도의 문제점 86
      • (1) 대폭적인 관세 감축 86
      • (2) 관세 할당의 투명성 86
      • (3) 관세 할당 분배 방식 87
      • 4. 해결 방식 88
      • (1) 관세 할당 투명성 강화 88
      • (2) 관세 할당의 분배 방식 개선 90
      • 제2절 DDA 농산물 시장 접근 협상에서 중국의 입장 92
      • 1. 주요 입장 92
      • (1) 농산물 무역 규정 제정에 관한 입장 92
      • (2) 개발도상국과 신규 회원국이라는 두 가지 신분 고수 93
      • (3) 공정한 농업 무역 규정의 확립 95
      • 2. 구체적인 방안 96
      • (1) 관세 인하에 관한 방안 96
      • (2) 관세 할당과 할당 관리에 관한 방안 99
      • (3) 특별상품과 특별세이프가드조항에 관한 방안 101
      • 3. 소결 104
      • 제4장 결론 106
      • 참조 문헌 108
      • Abstract 115
      더보기

      분석정보

      View

      상세정보조회

      0

      Usage

      원문다운로드

      0

      대출신청

      0

      복사신청

      0

      EDDS신청

      0

      동일 주제 내 활용도 TOP

      더보기

      주제

      연도별 연구동향

      연도별 활용동향

      연관논문

      연구자 네트워크맵

      공동연구자 (7)

      유사연구자 (20) 활용도상위20명

      이 자료와 함께 이용한 RISS 자료

      나만을 위한 추천자료

      해외이동버튼