시설원예용 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 개발

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to develop aluminum screen with flame-spread prevention function for greenhouse. The physical properties of developed aluminum screen was analyzed by domestic and foreign official testing agencies. And after fitting developed aluminum screen to the greenhouse, it’s heating properties were analyzed. Further, it was analyzed how developed aluminum screen was efficient economically in terms of micro and macro aspects.
The main results were as following.

First, facilitate weather proof and adhesion strength were analyzed according mixing ratios and evaporation coating methods of the film with flame-spread prevention function and PET film. And carbonization distance of aluminum film, PET film and weaving thread were examined, and the effect of materials with flame-spread prevention function was analyzed. As the results, the carbonization distance of PET film, used for aluminum screen with flame-spread prevention function, was found to be 105mm, and no flame-spread. In the case of aluminum film with mixing flame retardant, the carbonization distance of laminating method was found to be shorter than evaporation coating method. And with conditions of mixing ratios 30% and 40%, the carbonization distance was turned out under 180mm. Also the remaining time of flam was 0. These results satisfied with all criteria. Therefore, the method of aluminum laminating film type with 30 : 70 mixing ratio of Halogen series flame retardant and adhesive could be the best way for manufacturing of aluminum screen with flame-spread prevention function.
The tolerating level of immersion(adhesive strength) of aluminum film was found that the aluminum film laminated with Halogen series flame retardant is excellent, because of no detach between PET film and aluminum film. The carbonization distance of weaving thread with flame retardant was found to be average 10.6 ㎝, which means that the effect of flame retardant is excellent.

Second, weaving thread with flame retardant were measured the differences the properties of tensile strength according to 100, 120, 150 D. Also, the properties of tensile strength of aluminum films, which manufactured with mixing ratios of 20, 30, 40% of Halogen series flame retardant, were measured. Further, for finding the properties of tensile strength according to temperature, tensile strength of weaving thread with flame retardant and aluminum film were measured under conditions of 5, 25, 30℃ respectively. As the results, tensile strength of weaving thread with flame retardant was increased with the thickness of thread. It turned out that there were critical velocity in the tensile strength with velocity of weaving thread with flame retardant according to the thickness of thread. That is, the tensile strength changed right before and after critical velocity value. The higher mixing ratio of flame retardant, the higher tensile strength of Halogen series aluminum film with flame retardant. And th lower temperature of it, the higher tensile strength of weaving thread with flame retardant. However, after critical tensile velocity of 12 ㎝/min, the tensile strength of sample with 5℃ was decreased, and the tensile strength of sample with 25℃ showed highest value. Further the tensile strength of Halogen series aluminum film, with flame retardant according to temperature, did not show significant differences.

Third, the aluminum screen with flame retardant was designed with three layers of aluminum film, laminated by PET film with flame retardant and aluminum hoil. Especially, by designing bonding layer of PET film and aluminum film with flame retardant, the function of resistance to flame made increased. The sample of aluminum screen with flame retardant was made of mixing ratio 30% of adhesive, and the YES 55 type and YES 75 type were used as the model of screen. For YES 75 type, the tensile strength showed 190N in the length and width direction, which showed higher tensile strength than YES 55 type. For YES 75 type, shading ratio showed best in the aluminum screen with conditions of Halogen series flame retardant mixing ratios of 30% and 40%. There were no differences in the moisture and air permeability according to mixing ratios of flame retardant. The results of performance evaluation for flame retardant by FITI showed that in the case of carbonization distance, YES 55 type and YES 75 type were satisfied with the criterion. The results of performance evaluation for flame retardant by effects in Netherlands showed that YES 55 type and YES 75 type were satisfied with the criterion.

Fourth, the weaving system of aluminum screen with flame retardant was consisted of warping device, slitter device, krill device, processing device for aluminum screen fabric. And a beam was developed for weaving device with 42 pieces of thread in a 4 m width. It was developed that slitter device is consisted of film cradle and tension control roller, cutter, outlet, and krill device. The results of performance evaluation for slitter device showed that the level of evenness of experimental sample was higher than control sample, by 100% in the upper side, 99% in the bottom side. It was developed that the weaving device was consisted of pattern gear for determining weaving types, weaving bar, film guide, weaving thread guide, weaving pine. The results of performance evaluation for weaving device showed that average producing speed was 24.4 m/h and average defective production was 0.4 time per 10 minutes. These results means that developed weaving device in this study show a little higher efficiency than existing weaving device.

Fifth, the differences of heating properties and temperature changes inside/outside of greenhouse were analyzed between aluminum screens with flame retardant, YES 75 type and without flame retardant. It was turned out that the temperature of inside of greenhouse for experimental greenhouse showed higher by average 1℃ than control greenhouse. For the temperature of space of one layer and two layers of greenhouse, experimental greenhouse showed lower by average 2.5℃ than control greenhouse. The accumulated losing energy through outer cover of greenhouse showed that experimental greenhouse showed lower by average 250 kJ/h than control greenhouse. The losing energy through greenhouse ventilation showed no difference between experimental greenhouse and control greenhouse. And the losing energy through soil of greenhouse showed that experimental greenhouse showed higher by about 12-23 kJ/h than control greenhouse. The accumulated energy through hot air heating showed that experimental greenhouse showed lower by average 18,000 kJ/h than control greenhouse. This result means that experimental greenhouse saved energy by 16% comparing to control greenhouse. Above results showed that aluminum screen developed in this study has higher level of thermo-keeping and higher level of energy saving than existing aluminum screen.

Sixth, economic efficiency of aluminum screen developed in this study was analyzed in terms of micro and macro economic aspects. In the macro economic aspect, economic efficiency was analyzed under conditions that the total import amount of aluminum screen with flame retardant is about 50 m2 in 2015, and if it is possible that importing replacing rates are 100%, 80%, 60% respectively. The results showed that the economic values of 2.2 billion(100% replacing rate) and 50 million won, 1.8 billion won(80% replacing rate), and 1.3 billion and 50 million won(60% replacing rate) respectively. When if current farms, which has been using imported aluminum screen were replacing to aluminum screen developed by this study by 100%, 80%, 60% respectively, the farms could save the cost from aluminum screen installation by 750 million won, 600 million won, and 450 million won respectively. Further, the saving social cost from fire prevention could be 4 billion won.
In the micro aspect, a typical sized farm may pay additional cost of 720,000 won for replacing aluminum screen from imported one to developed one by this study. Comparing with this, a typical sized farm should pay about 21,000,000 won for fire insurance. Above results showed that the economic efficiency of aluminum screen, with flame retardant developed by this study, was turned out very efficient comparing to the imported one.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• Ⅱ. 연구사 4
• Ⅲ. 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 소재 개발 8
• 1. 서론 8
• 2. 재료 및 방법 9
• (1) 공시재료 9
• ① PET 필름 9
• ② 알루미늄 필름 9
• ③ 난연 직조사 10
• ④ 난연 접착제 11
• (2) 실험방법 13
• (3) 측정항목 14
• ① PET 필름 및 난연성 알루미늄 필름의 탄화거리 시험 14
• ② 난연 직조사 탄화거리 시험 14
• ③ 난연성 알루미늄 필름의 촉진 내후성 시험 15
• ④ 난연성 알루미늄 필름의 내침수성(접착강도) 시험 15
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 16
• (1) PET 필름 탄화거리 16
• (2) 알루미늄 필름 탄화거리 17
• ① 인 계열 난연제 혼용 알루미늄 필름 17
• ② 할로겐 계열 난연제 혼용 알루미늄 필름 19
• (3) 촉진 내후성 24
• (4) 내침수성(접착강도) 26
• ① 인 계열 난연제 혼용 알루미늄 필름 26
• ② 할로겐 계열 난연제 혼용 알루미늄 필름 27
• (5) 난연 직조사 탄화거리 28
• 4. 요약 및 결론 30
• Ⅳ. 난연성 알루미늄 필름 및 난연 직조사의 물리적 특성 32
• 1. 서론 32
• 2. 재료 및 방법 33
• (1) 공시재료 33
• (2) 실험장치 33
• (3) 실험방법 34
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 35
• (1) 난연 직조사의 인장강도 분석 35
• (2) 할로겐 계열 난연제 혼용 알루미늄 필름의 인장강도 분석 37
• (3) 120D 난연 직조사의 온도에 따른 인장강도 분석 39
• (4) 할로겐 계열 난연제 혼용 알루미늄 필름의 온도에 따른 인장강도 분석 41
• 4. 요약 및 결론 46
• Ⅴ. 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 개발 47
• 1. 서론 47
• 2. 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 설계 및 제작 48
• (1) 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 설계 48
• (2) 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 제작 50
• 3. 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린의 물리적 특성분석 51
• (1) 공시재료 51
• (2) 측정항목 51
• ① 인장강도 51
• ② 차광율 51
• ③ 투습도 51
• ④ 공기투과도 51
• (3) 물리적 특성 분석 결과 52
• 4. 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린의 난연성 평가 53
• (1) 국내 난연성 평가 53
• ① 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 YES 55 53
• ② 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 YES 75 54
• (2) 국외 난연성 평가 55
• ① 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 YES 55 55
• ② 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 YES 75 60
• 5. 요약 및 결론 64
• Ⅵ. 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 직조시스템 제작 66
• 1. 서 론 66
• 2. 직조시스템 제작 67
• (1) 정경기 및 직조사 거치대 68
• (2) 필름 절단 장치 및 되감기 장치 70
• ① 필름 절단 장치 및 되감기 장치 제작 70
• ② 필름 절단 장치 및 되감기 장치 성능평가 71
• (3) 직조장치 74
• ① 상층롤러부와 유도가이드 74
• ② 직조부 76
• ③ 직조용 유도가이드 78
• ④ 직조핀 79
• ⑤ 열처리 롤러부 81
• ⑥ 원단 롤러부 81
• (4) 가공장치 83
• ① 원단 마감 작업용 재봉기 83
• ② 롤링 장치(Ⅰ) 84
• ③ 롤링 장치(Ⅱ) 85
• 3. 직조 성능 평가 86
• (1) 성능평가 방법 86
• (2) 성능평가 결과 86
• 4. 요약 및 결론 88
• Ⅶ. 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 난방특성 89
• 1. 서론 89
• 2. 재료 및 방법 91
• (1) 공시재료 91
• (2) 실험장치 91
• ① 실험용 하우스 91
• ② 실험용 하우스 온실 난방 시스템 94
• ③ 난방특성 분석을 위한 온도센서 설치 및 측정 95
• (3) 열 특성 분석 방법 97
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 99
• (1) 하우스 내부 온도 변화 99
• ① 일일기준 내부온도 변화 99
• ② 일정 기간 기준 내부 온도 변화 100
• (2) 일일 기준 하우스 사이의 주야간 온도 변화 101
• ① 천정부 101
• ② 측면부 103
• (3) 일정기간 기준 하우스 사이 주야간 온도변화 104
• ① 천정부 104
• ② 측면부 106
• (4) 열 특성 분석 107
• ① 일일 기준 하우스 외피를 통한 손실열량 107
• ② 일정 기간 기준 하우스 외피를 통한 손실 110
• ③ 일일 기준 하우스 환기를 통한 손실열량 113
• ④ 일정 기간 기준 하우스 환기를 통한 손실 열량 114
• ⑤ 일일 기준 하우스 토양을 통한 손실열량 115
• ⑥ 일정 기간 기준 하우스 토양을 통한 손실 열량 116
• ⑦ 태양으로부터의 공급열량 117
• ⑧ 온풍 난방기를 통한 공급열량 119
• 4. 요약 및 결론 121
• Ⅷ. 경제성 분석 122
• 1. 서론 122
• 2. 경제성 분석방법 124
• (1) 연구개발 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 생산비용 124
• ① 생산시스템 설치비용(1년, 직조기 4대 기준) 124
• ② 스크린 생산비용(1㎡당) 125
• ⒜ 생산시스템 설치비용 125
• ⒝ 인건비로 인한 비용 126
• ⒞ 생산원료 비용 127
• (2) 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 농가보급 책정가격(1 ㎡ 기준) 127
• 3. 거시적 측면의 경제적 효과 128
• (1) 수입대체효과 및 농가수익효과 128
• ① 현재 수입량을 100% 대체 128
• ② 현재 수입량을 각각 80%, 60% 대체 128
• (2) 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 수요증가에 따른 경제성 129
• ① 수입산 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 100% 대체 130
• ② 수입산 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 80% 대체 130
• ③ 수입산 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 60% 대체 131
• (3) 하우스 화재 확산 억제를 통한 사회적 비용 절감효과 132
• 4. 미시적 측면의 경제성 분석 134
• (1) 알루미늄 스크린 설치 134
• ① 수입산 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 설치 134
• ② 연구 개발 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린 대체 설치 134
• ⒜ 연구개발 화염확산 억제 알루미늄 스크린으로 대체하는 경우 추가비용 135
• ⒝ 화재보험가입으로 인한 보험료 비용 135
• (2) 난방비 절약효과 138
• 5. 요약 및 결론 140
• Ⅸ. 종합결론 및 요약 142
• 참 고 문 헌 149

참고문헌 (Reference)

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