군 조직에서 리더의 권위주의와 능력이 구성원의 과업성과와 창의성에 미치는 영향 = The Impact of Authoritarian Leadership on Task Performance and Creativity in Military Setting: The Moderating Effect of Leader Ability

국문 초록 (Abstract)

많은 조직들은 복잡하고 변화를 예측할 수 없는 환경 속에서 조직의 지속적인 생존과 발전을 위해 다각도로 노력하고 있다. 그 중에서도 조직의 효과적 기능에 기초가 되는 구성원의 과업성과 및 창의성을 창출해 낼 수 있도록 하는 리더의 능력과 자질이 더욱 요구되는 시점이다. 하지만 실제 조직에 보편적인 권위주의적 리더십이 과업성과와 창의성에 미치는 영향을 살핀 연구는 많지 않으며, 특히 과업성과 및 창의성에 미치는 권위주의적 리더십의 효과의 역동성에도 불구하고 이를 실증한 연구는 더욱 제한적이다. 따라서 권위주의적 리더십과 과업성과 및 창의성 간의 관계의 복잡성에 대한 실증적인 증거를 추가로 확보하는 것은 의의가 있는 일일 것이다. 그에 따라 본 연구는 권위주의적 리더십이 과업성과 및 창의성에 미치는 영향에 대해 리더능력을 경계조건으로 보고 이를 실증하였다. 가설검증을 위해 군 조직에 종사하는 간부 163쌍을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 위계적 다중 회귀분석을 이용하여 실증분석을 하였다. 분석결과 리더능력이 높을 때 권위주의적 리더십-과업성과간의 관계는 유의한 정적관계가 나타났지만, 권위주의적 리더십-창의성 간의 관계에서는 유의하지 않았다. 반면, 리더능력이 낮을 경우 권위주의적 리더십과 과업성과, 권위주의적 리더십과 창의성 간의 부적관계는 유의하였다. 본 연구는 능력있는 리더의 위계적인 관리가 구성원의 과업성과는 높일 수 있지만 창의성에서는 그렇지 못함을 밝혔다. 반면 능력없는 리더의 위계적인 관리는 구성원의 과업성과와 창의성을 감소시킨다는 것을 밝혔다. 이를 통해 권위주의적 리더십의 영향력이 보다 역동적이고 다양하다는 것을 알아냈으며, 어떤 경계조건이 권위주의적 리더십의 효과를 결정하는데 중요한지에 대한 증거를 제시하였다. 연구의 말미에는 본 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Many organizations are trying to survive and develop in a complex and unpredictable environment. Among them, it is time to require more leader ability and qualities to create the task performance and creativity of the members based on the effective function of the organization. However, there are not many studies that examine the effects of universal authoritarian leadership on task performance and creativity in actual organizations. In particular, despite the dynamics of authoritarian leadership effect on task performance and creativity, the empirical study is more limited. Therefore, it is meaningful to secure additional empirical evidence of the complexity of the relationship between authoritarian leadership and task performance and creativity. Accordingly, this study demonstrated the effect of authoritarian leadership on task performance and creativity by considering leader ability as a boundary condition. To confirm this, We collected data from military members (supervisor-subordinate dyad) in the Army, Republic of Korea. A total of 163 matched dyadic data was used for analysis and empirical analysis was conducted using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that when leader ability was high, the relationship between authoritarian leadership and task performance showed a significant positive relationship, but there was no significant relationship between authoritarian leadership and creativity. On the other hand, when leadership ability is low, authoritarian leadership and task performance, authoritarian leadership and creativity are negatively related. This study revealed that hierarchical management of competent leaders can increase the performance of the members' tasks, but not in creativity. On the other hand, hierarchical management of incompetent leaders reduces the performance and creativity of members. This study found that authoritarian leadership influences are more dynamic and diverse, and presented evidence on which boundary conditions are important in determining the effects of authoritarian leadership. At the end of the study, the limitations of this study and future research directions were discussed.

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