Phrasal Verb Usage and L1 Typology: A Corpus-based Study on Chinese and Japanese EFL learners

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated the usage of high-frequency English phrasal verbs (PVs) and the effects of L1 typology for learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Essays by native English speakers and by Chinese and Japanese EFL learners from the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners (ICNALE) were analyzed to determine directional, aspectual, and idiomatic PV usage. As English, Chinese, and Japanese are typologically different languages, comparing their PV usage revealed preferences for how the three groups expressed motion, as seen in directional PVs, and change of state events, which are often seen in idiomatic and aspectual PVs. A Chi-squared test revealed a significant association between L1 typology and PV types, and a pairwise comparison indicated a disproportionate use of PVs among the groups. For example, the two EFL learner groups used fewer directional PVs than the English native speakers. Accordingly, L1 typology appears to be a factor in influencing the types of PVs that are used. Considering the high frequency of the PVs investigated in the current study, there are important pedagogical implications for educators who are recommended to take into consideration their learners’ L1 and how it can affect their ability to acquire and use PVs of varying types.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Alangari, M., "Who’s afraid of phrasal verbs? The use of phrasal verbs in expert academic writing in the discipline of linguistics" 43 : 100814-, 2020

2 Laufer, B., "What causes avoidance in L2 learning: L1-L2 difference, L1-L2 similarity, or L2 complexity?" 15 (15): 35-48, 1993

3 Strong, B., "Weighing up exercises on phrasal verbs: Retrieval versus trial‐and‐error practices" 103 (103): 562-579, 2019

4 Wei, Y., "Use of English phrasal verbs of Chinese students across proficiency levels: A corpus-based analysis" 3 (3): 25-41, 2021

5 Slobin, D. I, "Typological and contextual perspectives" Psychology Press 219-257, 2004

6 Bolinger, D. L, "The phrasal verb in English" Harvard University Press 1971

7 Liu, D., "The most-common phrasal verbs with their key meanings for spoken and academic written English: A corpus analysis" 24 (24): 403-424, 2020

8 Liu, D., "The most frequently used English phrasal verbs in American and British English: A multicorpus examination" 45 (45): 661-688, 2011

9 Larsen-Freeman, D., "The grammar book. Form, meaning and use for English language teachers (Vol. 3)" National Geographic Learning, Heinle Cengage Learning 2016

10 Strong, B., "The error in trial and error: Exercises on PVs" 53 (53): 289-319, 2019

11 Garnier, M., "The PHaVE List: A pedagogical list of phrasal verbs and their most frequent meaning senses" 19 (19): 645-666, 2015

12 Ishikawa, S., "The ICNALE edited essays; A dataset for analysis of L2 English learner essays based on a new integrative viewpoint" 25 : 117-130, 2018

13 Huddleston, R., "The Cambridge grammar of the English language" Cambridge University Press 2002

14 Spring, R., "Teaching phrasal verbs more efficiently: Using corpus studies and cognitive linguistics to create a particle list" 9 (9): 121-135, 2018

15 Gardner, D., "Sorting them all out: Exploring the separable phrasal verbs of English" 76 : 197-209, 2018

16 Armstrong, K., "Sexing up the dossier: A semantic analysis of phrasal verbs for language teachers" 13 (13): 213-224, 2004

17 Lowen, S., "Research methods in second language acquisition: A practical guide Vol. 7" 52-74, 2012

18 Sonbul, S., "Productive versus receptive L2 knowledge of polysemous phrasal verbs: A comparison of determining factors" 95 : 102361-, 2020

19 윤관희, "Processing of English Formulas by L1, L2, and Bilingual English Speakers Based on Formulaicity and Formula Type" 아시아테플 18 (18): 1347-1369, 2021

20 Gardner, D., "Pointing out frequent PVs: A corpus-based analysis" 41 (41): 339-359, 2007

21 Garnier, M., "Picking up polysemous phrasal verbs: How many do learners know and what facilitates this knowledge?" 59 : 29-44, 2016

22 Wang, H-C., "Phrasal verbs and breadth of vocabulary knowledge in second language reading: An exploratory study" 6 (6): 2009

23 Cowie, A., "Oxford dictionary of phrasal verbs" Oxford University Press 2001

24 Chen, M., "Overuse or underuse: A corpus study of English phrasal verb use by Chinese, British and American university students" 18 (18): 418-442, 2013

25 Mano, M., "New perspectives on the development of communicative and related competence in foreign language education" De Gruyter 125-156, 2018

26 Siyanova, A., "Native and nonnative use of multi-word vs. one-word verbs" 45 : 119-139, 2007

27 Alejo-González, R., "Making sense of phrasal verbs: A cognitive linguistic account of L2 learning" 23 : 50-71, 2010

28 Liao, F. -H., "Making sense of out phrasal verbs: The instruction of out senses" 51 (51): 364-380, 2020

29 Biber, D., "Longman grammar of spoken and written English Vol. 2" Longman 1999

30 Yasuda, S., "Learning phrasal verbs through conceptual metaphors: A Case of Japanese EFL learners" 44 (44): 250-273, 2010

31 Talmy, L, "Language typology and syntactic description" Cambridge University Press 36-149, 1985

32 Inagaki, S., "Japanese learners’ acquisition of English manner-of-motion verbs with locational/directional PPs" 18 (18): 3-27, 2002

33 Spring, R., "How cognitive typology affects second language acquisition: A study of Japanese and Chinese learners of English" 24 (24): 689-710, 2013

34 Darwin, C. M., "Going after the phrasal verb: An alternative approach to classification" 33 (33): 65-, 1999

35 Spring, R, "From linguistic theory to the classroom" Cambridge Scholars 2018

36 Brown, A., "Construal of manner in speech and gesture in Mandarin, English and Japanese" 23 (23): 605-631, 2013

37 Boers, F., "Cognitive semantic ways of teaching figurative phrases: An assessment" 9 (9): 227-261, 2011

38 Hulstijn, J. H., "Avoidance: Grammatical or Semantic Causes?" 11 (11): 241-255, 1989

39 Liao, Y., "Avoidance of phrasal verbs: The case of Chinese learners of English" 54 (54): 193-226, 2004

40 Dagut, M., "Avoidance of phrasal verbs: A case for contrastive analysis" 7 (7): 73-79, 1985

41 Becker, T. P., "Avoidance of English phrasal verbs: Investigating the effect of proficiency, learning context, task type, and verb type" 24 (24): 1-33, 2014

42 Anthony, L., "AntConc (Version 3.4. 3)" Waseda University 2014

43 Ryoo, M. -L., "A corpus-based study of the use of phrasal verbs in Korean EFL students' writing" 10 (10): 2013

44 Ke, Y., "A bi-axis model for profiling English phrasal verbs for pedagogic purposes" 51 (51): 972-984, 2017

45 Quirk, R, "A Comprehensive grammar of the English language" Longman 1985