Three-Column Osteotomy for the Treatment of Rigid Cervical Deformity

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Adult cervical deformity (ACD) has been shown to have a substantial impact on quality of life and overall health, with moderate to severe deformities resulting in significant disability and dysfunction. Fortunately, surgical management and correction of cervical sagittal imbalance can offer significant benefits and improvement in pain and disability. ACD is a heterogenous disease and specific surgical correction strategies should reflect deformity type (driver of deformity) and patient-related factors. Spinal rigidity is one of the most important considerations as soft tissue releases and osteotomies play a crucial role in cervical deformity correction. For ankylosed, fixed, and severe deformity, 3-column osteotomy (3CO) is often warranted. A 3CO can be done through combined anteriorposterior (vertebral body resection) and posterior-only approaches (open or closed wedge pedicle subtraction osteotomies [PSOs]). This article reviews the literature for currently published studies that report results on the use of 3CO for ACD, with a special concentration on posterior based 3CO (open and closed wedge PSO). More specifically, this review discusses the indications, radiographic corrective ability, and associated complications.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Herbert JJ, "Vertebral osteotomy for kyphosis, especially in Marie-Strumpell arthritis; a report on fifty cases" 41-A : 291-302, 1959

2 Smith JS, "Three-column osteotomy for correction of cervical and cervicothoracic deformities : alignment changes and early complications in a multicenter prospective series of 23 patients" 26 : 2128-2137, 2017

3 Theologis AA, "Three-column osteotomies of the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine:comparison of early outcomes, radiographic parameters, and peri-operative complications in 48 patients" 24 (24): S23-S30, 2015

4 Simmons ED, "Thirty-six years experience of cervical extension osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis: techniques and outcomes" 31 : 3006-3012, 2006

5 Knott PT, "The use of the T1 sagittal angle in predicting overall sagittal balance of the spine" 10 : 994-998, 2010

6 Simmons EH, "The surgical correction of flexion deformity of the cervical spine in ankylosing spondylitis" 86 : 132-143, 1972

7 Protopsaltis TS, "The importance of C2 slope, a singular marker of cervical deformity, correlates with patient-reported outcomes" 45 : 184-192, 2020

8 Tang JA, "The impact of standing regional cervical sagittal alignment on outcomes in posterior cervical fusion surgery" 71 : 662-669, 2012

9 Passias PG, "The impact of osteotomy grade and location on regional and global alignment following cervical deformity surgery" 10 : 160-166, 2019

10 Smith JS, "The health impact of adult cervical deformity in patients presenting for surgical treatment : comparison to united states population norms and chronic disease states based on the EuroQuol-5 Dimensions Questionnaire" 80 : 716-725, 2017

11 Yuk FJ, "The case for T2 pedicle subtraction osteotomy in the surgical treatment of rigid cervicothoracic deformity" 32 : 248-257, 2019

12 Deviren V, "Technique of cervicothoracic junction pedicle subtraction osteotomy for cervical sagittal imbalance : report of 11 cases" 15 : 174-181, 2011

13 Kim KT, "Surgical treatment of “chinon-pubis” deformity in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis:a case report of consecutive cervical, thoracic, and lumbar corrective osteotomies" 37 : E1017-E1021, 2012

14 O’Shaughnessy BA, "Surgical treatment of fixed cervical kyphosis with myelopathy" 33 : 771-778, 2008

15 Etame AB, "Surgical management of symptomatic cervical or cervicothoracic kyphosis due to ankylosing spondylitis" 33 : E559-E564, 2008

16 Mason C, "Surgical correction of flexion deformity of the cervical spine" 79 : 244-246, 1953

17 Suk KS, "Significance of chin-brow vertical angle in correction of kyphotic deformity of ankylosing spondylitis patients" 28 : 2001-2005, 2003

18 Koerner JD, "Revision surgery for failed cervical spine reconstruction : review article" 11 : 2-8, 2015

19 Ha Y, "Reciprocal changes in cervical spine alignment after corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery" 23 : 552-559, 2014

20 Smith JS, "Prospective multicenter assessment of early complication rates associated with adult cervical deformity surgery in 78 patients" 79 : 378-388, 2016

21 Smith JS, "Prospective multicenter assessment of complication rates associated with adult cervical deformity surgery in 133 patients with minimum 1-year follow-up" 19 : 1-13, 2020

22 Passias PG, "Primary drivers of adult cervical deformity : prevalence, variations in presentation, and effect of surgical treatment strategies on early postoperative alignment" 83 : 651-659, 2018

23 Albert TJ, "Postlaminectomy kyphosis" 23 : 2738-2745, 1998

24 Wollowick AL, "Pedicle subtraction osteotomy in the cervical spine" 37 : E342-E348, 2012

25 Etame AB, "Outcomes after surgery for cervical spine deformity : review of the literature" 28 : E14-, 2010

26 McMaster MJ, "Osteotomy of the cervical spine in ankylosing spondylitis" 79 : 197-203, 1997

27 Lau D, "Laminoplasty versus laminectomy with posterior spinal fusion for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy : influence of cervical alignment on outcomes" 27 : 508-517, 2017

28 Simmons EH, "Kyphotic deformity of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis" (128) : 65-77, 1977

29 Griegel-Morris P, "Incidence of common postural abnormalities in the cervical, shoulder, and thoracic regions and their association with pain in two age groups of healthy subjects" 72 : 425-431, 1992

30 Kaptain GJ, "Incidence and outcome of kyphotic deformity following laminectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy" 93 : 199-204, 2000

31 Darryl Lau, "Comparison of perioperative complications following posterior column osteotomy versus posterior-based 3-column osteotomy for correction of rigid cervicothoracic deformity: a single-surgeon series of 95 consecutive cases" Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) 33 (33): 297-306, 2020

32 Su BW, "Comparison of fatigue strength of C2 pedicle screws, C2 pars screws, and a hybrid construct in C1-C2 fixation" 39 : E12-E19, 2014

33 Kim HJ, "Comparison of Smith-Petersen osteotomy versus pedicle subtraction osteotomy versus anterior-posterior osteotomy types for the correction of cervical spine deformities" 40 : 143-146, 2015

34 Samudrala S, "Cervicothoracic junction kyphosis : surgical reconstruction with pedicle subtraction osteotomy and Smith-Petersen osteotomy. Presented at the 2009 Joint Spine Section Meeting. Clinical article" 13 : 695-706, 2010

35 Belanger TA, "Cervicothoracic extension osteotomy for chin-on-chest deformity in ankylosing spondylitis" 87 : 1732-1738, 2005

36 Ames CP, "Cervical radiographical alignment: comprehensive assessment techniques and potential importance in cervical myelopathy" 38 : S149-S160, 2013

37 Mehdian SM, "Cervical osteotomy for ankylosing spondylitis : an innovative variation on an existing technique" 8 : 505-509, 1999

38 Kim HJ, "Cervical osteotomies for neurological deformities" 24 (24): S16-S22, 2015

39 Steinmetz MP, "Cervical deformity correction" 60 : S90-S97, 2007

40 Oh T, "Cervical compensatory alignment changes following correction of adult thoracic deformity : a multicenter experience in 57 patients with a 2-year follow-up" 22 : 658-665, 2015

41 Tokala DP, "C7 decancellisation closing wedge osteotomy for the correction of fixed cervicothoracic kyphosis" 16 : 1471-1478, 2007

42 Barnes AH, "Biomechanical pullout strength and stability of the cervical artificial pedicle screw" 34 : E16-E20, 2009

43 Smith JS, "Assessment of surgical treatment strategies for moderate to severe cervical spinal deformity reveals marked variation in approaches, osteotomies, and fusion levels" 91 : 228-237, 2016

44 Ames CP, "A standardized nomenclature for cervical spine soft-tissue release and osteotomy for deformity correction : clinical article" 19 : 269-278, 2013

45 Mehdian S, "A safe controlled instrumented reduction technique for cervical osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis" 36 : 715-720, 2011