프랜차이즈 관계와 노동법의 적용 ― 미국법의 최근 동향을 중심으로 ― = Franchiser Relationship and Labor Law in the U.S.A

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to introduce the U.S’s labor laws which have covered franchise relationships. It focus on the decisions of courts & NLRB and labor policies of the U.S. Department of Labor in the era of Obama administration concerning with franchise relationships.
First of all, when it comes to Coverall decision in March 2010, Judge W. Young found that Massachusetts franchisees of Coverall had been misclassified as independent contractors under the Commonwealth's misclassification statute and were “employees.” In that statute to avoid employee status, the employer should show that the worker who performs a service for him or her: (i) is free from control and direction in connection with the performance of the service, both under his contract for performance of the service and in fact; (ii) the service is performed outside the usual course of the business of the employer; and (iii) the individual is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, profession or business of the same nature as that involved in the service performed. Focusing on the second prong, Judge Young concluded that Coverall and its franchisees were not in separate and distinct businesses.
Secondly the Department of Labor made two important Administrator’s Interpretations that have an important bearing on the situation of franchise relationship; the Employee Misclassification Administrator’s Interpretation, 2015 and the Joint-Employment Administrator’s Interpretation, 2016. The AI of 2015 proposed that when determining whether a worker is an employee or independent contractor, the application of the economic realities factors should be guided by the FLSA’s statutory directive that the scope of the employment relationship is very broad. At the Joint-Employment AI of 2016, the Administrator believes that additional guidance will be helpful concerning joint employment under FLSA and MSPA. This Administrator’s Interpretation (AI) provides guidance on identifying those scenarios in which two or more employers jointly employ an employee and are thus jointly liable for compliance under the FLSA or MSPA.
In the field of collective bargaining relations, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) also ruled very important new decision concerning with joint-employer doctrine. In the Browning-Ferris decision in August 27. 2015, the National Labor Relations Board refined its standard for determining joint-employer status which could exert a strong influence on collective bargaining relationship between a franchisor and workers employing by a franchisee. According to the new standard, two or more entities would be joint employers of a single workforce if they share or co-determine those matters governing the essential terms and conditions of employment. In determining whether an employer possesses sufficient control over employees to qualify as a joint employer, it would be considered whether he/she has exercised control over terms and conditions of employment indirectly through an intermediary, or whether it has reserved the authority to do so.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박제성, "하청 관계의 소득불평등 개선방안" 한국노동연구원 2016

2 박제성, "프랜차이즈에 관한 시론 ― 지배종속적 상사관계에서 지배종속적 노동관계까지 ―" 서울대학교노동법연구회 (43) : 81-107, 2017

3 방준식, "프랜차이즈계약에 의한 근로관계의 성립여부" 한국경영법률학회 17 (17): 329-348, 2007

4 박제성, "프랜차이즈 노동관계 연구" 한국노동연구원 2014

5 박제성, "프랜차이즈 노동관계" 한국노동연구원 2015

6 김봉식, "일본의 프랜차이즈와 노동법상의 문제: 편의점을 중심으로" 한국노동연구원 2018

7 김정명, "미국의 하도급 업체 및 프랜차이즈 가맹점의 노동법 위반에 대한본사 책임 여부" 한국노동연구원 16 (16): 2018

8 강주리, "미국에서 공동사용자 법리의 형성과 전개" 법학연구원 30 (30): 221-250, 2018

9 김희성, "미국노동법에서의 공동사용자이론에 관한 연구" 한국노동법학회 (44) : 95-127, 2012

10 Miriam A. Cherry, "미국 프랜차이즈 산업의 노동 및 고용 현안" 한국노동연구원 2018

11 강성태, "미국 오바마 정부의 노동개혁" 서울대학교노동법연구회 (42) : 1-35, 2017

12 김미영, "미국 연방노동법의 공동고용 원리에 관한 연구" 한국노동법학회 (33) : 137-161, 2010

13 데이비드 와일, "균열일터" 황소자리 2015

14 유성재, "가맹점사업자의 노조법상 근로자성" 충남대 법학연구소 29 (29): 63-100, 2018

15 권오성, "가맹점사업자단체에 관한 소고" 중앙법학회 20 (20): 313-338, 2018

16 "https://www.wagehourblog.com/2017/06/articles/flsa-coverage/trump-administration s-dol-rejects-obama-era-guidance-on-independent-contractor-status-and-join t-employment/"

17 "https://www.nlrb.gov/news-outreach/news-story/board-proposes-rule-change-its-join t-employer-standard"

18 "https://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/jointemployment2019/"

19 "https://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/Joint_Employment_AI_faq.htm"

20 "https://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/Joint_Employment_AI_faq.htm"

21 "http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/labor/800381.html#csidxa553e9f16a79c3fb12581478ac953cb)"

22 "http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/opinion/because/812459.html#csidxcb5ed0dbe565f438de 37dadf7d8a147"

23 "http://www.franchisetimes.com/news"

24 "http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-30"

25 "http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/10/31/2017103103205.html)"

26 "http://blog.dol.gov/2015/07/15/employee-or-independent-contractor/"

27 David Weil, "The Fissured Workplace" Harvard University Press 2014

28 "Solis v. Cascom, Inc., 2011 WL 10501391 (S.D. Ohio Sept. 21, 2011)"

29 "Coverall North Am., Inc., v. Comm’r of Div. of Unemployment Assistance, 447 Mass. 852, 857 N. E.2d 1083"

30 "American Zurich Ins. Co. v. Dept of Indus. Accidents, No 053469A, 2006 WL 2205085 (Mass. Sup.Ct. June 1, 2006 )"

31 "365 NLRB 156"

32 "271 NLRB 798"

33 "269 NLRB 324"

34 Awuah, ". Coverall North America Inc., case number: 07-cv-10287, in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts"