The Impacts of Port Anchorage Operations on Air Quality in Port Cities

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Vessel demurrage and cargo congestion, caused by knock-on effects such as delays at one port transferring to another in a chain reaction due to inclement weather at sea, labor strikes, congestion at various ports and so on, are affecting operational efficiency in a port. The increase of duration and frequency of vessel stays in anchorages causes shipborne pollutants, which can negatively impact on air quality of the cities in nearby port. Therefore, this study conducted a Granger causality analysis using a vector auto regression model to examine the relation between urban air pollution and vessel operations in anchorages. The analysis focused on the number of vessels entering the Busan North Port’s O-2 Anchorage per month over the last five years. The results revealed a positive causal relation between the number of vessels and air pollutants (O3, SO2, CO, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5) in neighboring cities. Among the air pollutants originating from vessels, fine particles such as PM10 and PM2.5 were found to considerably impact on air quality in neighboring cities. Based on these findings, the study suggests the inclusion of environmental aspects, such as the impact on air quality in nearby cities, as additional factors in the criteria for designating anchorages in port cities.

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