上海话的完整体标记 ― 以“仔”和“过”为中心 = The Perfective Aspect Marker of Shanghai Dialect: Focus on “Zi(仔)” and “Guo(过)”

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, we discussed the source and semantic functions of the Perfective Markers ‘Zi(仔)’ and ‘Guo(过)’ in Shanghai Dialect, as well as the difference between Shanghai Dialect Perfect Marker ‘Zi(仔)’ and Mandarin Perfect Marker ‘Le(了)’, Experiential Marker ‘Guo(过)’ in Shanghai dialect and the ‘Guo(过)’ in Mandarin.
The Aspect Marker ‘Zi(仔)’ in Shanghai dialect comes from the verb ‘Zhe(着)’ which means attachment. It is not only a mark of Perfect Aspect, but also a mark of Durative Aspect. If the verb before ‘Zi(仔)’ is an action verb, it tends to correspond to ‘了₁’; when the verb before ‘Zi(仔)’ is a positional verb or a posture verb, it generally corresponds to ‘Zhe(着)’.
The Experiential Marker in Shanghai dialect originally had several forms such as ‘guo(过)’, ‘guoxie(过歇)’ and ‘xie(歇)’, but now there is only one Aspect mark ‘guo(过)’. ‘Guo(过)’ in Shanghai dialect can also be used as Phase complement and Aspect Markers, but there is also ‘Guo(过₃)’ in Shanghai dialect, which means repetition of actions. The difference from other southern dialects is that, in Shanghai dialect, the adverbs ‘chong xin(重新)’,‘you(又)’,‘zai(再)’ and so on must appear before ‘Guo(过₃)’.
The elimination of the Shanghai dialect - the Perfect Aspect Marker ‘Zi(仔)’ and the disappearance of the Experiential markers ‘xie(歇)’ and ‘guo xie(过歇)’ all show that Shanghai dialect is increasingly influenced by Mandarin, which is an inevitable trend of language development.