학습자의 작업기억 특성, 공간적 근접원리, 멀티미디어원리가 파지와 이해에 미치는 효과 = The Effect of Learners` Working Memory Capacity, Spatial Contiguity Principle, and Multimedia Principle on Retention and Comprehension

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구의 목적은 학습자의 작업기억 용량의 차이가 학습에 미치는 영향과 공간적근접원리와 멀티미디어원리를 적용한 학습 자료가 파지와 이해에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 실험 1에서는 대학생 88명을 대상으로 공간적근접원리의 적용 여부(이미지와 문자 정보 통합 vs. 이미지와 문자 정보 분리)와 학습자의 작업기억 용량 차이(낮음 vs. 높음)가 학습자의 파지에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 공간적근접원리의 적용 여부는 파지에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤지만(F = 6.98, p = .010), 작업기억 용량의 차이는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 작업기억 용량과 공간적근접원리 적용 여부간에 상호작용 효과도 나타나지 않았다. 실험 2에서는 대학생 70명을 대상으로 멀티미디어원리의 적용 여부(이미지와 요약된 문자 정보를 함께 제시 vs. 문자 정보만 제시)와 학습자의 작업기억 용량 차이(낮음 vs. 높음)가 학습 내용 이해에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실험 결과에 의하면, 멀티미디어원리의 적용에 따른 차이(F = 45.32, p < .001)와 학습자의 작업기억 용량에 따른 차이(F = 5.09, p = .028), 그리고 두 변수의 상호작용 효과가(F = 5.68, p = .020) 모두 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of learners` working memory capacity and instructional design principles (spatial contiguity principle & multimedia principle) on retention and comprehension. This study designed two experiments. The experiment 1 was to analyze the main effects of spatial contiguity principle and working memory capacity and the interaction effect on retention. Eighty eight college students participated and the results of the experiment 1 revealed the main effect by spatial contiguity principle (F = 6.98, p = .010). The experiment 2 employed more complex learning task than the experiment 1 with 70 college students. The specific goal of the experiment 2 was to scrutinize the main effects of multimedia principle and working memory capacity and the interaction effect on comprehension. The results of the experiment 2 revealed the significant main effects by multimedia principle (F = 45.32, p < .001) and by working memory capacity (F = 5.09, p = .028) and the significant interaction effect (F = 5.68, p = .020).

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