가솔린탱크의 위험성평가를 위한 노말헵탄의 연소특성치 측정 및 고찰 = Measurement and Investigation of Combustible Properties of n-Heptane for Risk Assessment of Gasoline Tank

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

For the safe handling of n-heptane, the explosion limit at 25oC, the temperature dependence of the explosion limits and the lower flash point were investigated. And AITs (auto-ignition temperatures)by ignition time delay for n-heptane were experimented. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosion limits of n-heptane recommended 1.0 Vol% and 7.0 Vol%, respectively. And the lower flash points of n-heptane recommended −4oC. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus for n-heptane and the experimental AIT of n-hexane was 225oC. The new equation for predicting the temperature dependence of the explosion limits of n-heptane is proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with the literature data.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

노말헵탄의 안전한 취급을 위해서 25oC에서 폭발한계와 폭발한계 온도의존성 그리고 하부인화점을 고찰하였다. 또한 발화지연시간에 의한 발화온도를 측정하였다. 공정의 안전을 위해서 노말헵탄의 폭발하한계는 1.0Vol%, 상한계는 7.0Vol%를 추천하였고, 하부인화점은 −4oC를 추천하였다. ASTM E659-78 장치를 사용하여 발화온도와 발화지연시간을 측정하였고, 여기서 측정된 최소자연발화온도는 225oC였다. 그리고 노말헵탄의 새로운 폭발한계 온도의존식을 제시하였으며, 제시된 식은 문헌값과 일치하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 柳生昭三, "肋奕Ø丘旌⊃謐Ｓ" 安全工學協會 1979

2 하동명, "톨루엔의 위험성 평가를 위한 연소특성치 측정 및 고찰" 한국화재소방학회 24 (24): 76-81, 2010

3 하동명, "산(Acid)류의 자연발화온도와 발화지연시간의 관계" 한국화재소방학회 18 (18): 27-33, 2004

4 J. Gmehing, "Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection" DECHEMA 1980

5 M. Sheldon, "Understanding Auto-ignition Temperature" 6 : 27-32, 1984

6 L.G. Britton, "Two Hundred Years of Flammable Limits" 12 (12): 1-11, 2002

7 R.E. Lenga, "The Sigma Aldrich Library of Regulatory and Safety Data, Volume I~ III" Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical Company Inc 1993

8 C.E. Frank, "Spontaneous Ignition of Organic Compounds" 44 (44): 862-867, 1952

9 D.E Swarts, "Spontaneous Ignition Temperature of Hydrocarbons" 49 (49): 432-436, 1957

10 J.L. Jackson, "Spontaneous Ignition Temperature - Commercial Fluids and Pure Hydrocarbons-" 43 (43): 2869-2870, 1951

11 N.N. Semenov, "Some Problems in Chemical kinetics and Reactivity, Vol.2" Princeton University Press 1959

12 K.C. Smyth, "Short-Duration Autoignition Temperature Measurement for Hydrocarbon fuels Near Heated Metal Surfaces" 126 : 225-253, 1997

13 SFPE, "SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 2nd ed" SFPE 1995

14 D.M. Ha, "Prediction of Temperature Dependence of Lower Explosive Limits for Paraffinic Hydrocarbons" 15 (15): 71-77, 2000

15 M.G. Zabetakis, "Minimum Spontaneous Ignition Temperature of Combustibles in Air" 46 (46): 2173-2178, 1954

16 하동명, "MEK의 연소특성 고찰을 통한 MSDS의 적정성" 한국안전학회 23 (23): 36-41, 2008

17 F.P. Lees, "Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol 2, 2nd ed" Butterworth-Heinemann 1996

18 J.A. Dean, "Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 14th Ed" McGraw-Hill 1992

19 "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed" John Wiley and Sons Inc. 1978

20 V. Babrauskas, "Ignition Handbook" Fire Science Publishers 2003

21 S.M. Stephenson, "Flash Points of Organic and Organometallic Compounds" Elsevier 1987

22 G.M. Zabetakis, "Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors" US Bureau of Mines 1965

23 NFPA, "Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquid, Gases, and Volatile Solids"

24 J.E. Hustad, "Experimental Studies of Lower Flammability Limits of Gases and Mixtures of Gases at Elevated Temperature" 71 : 283-294, 1988

25 G.S. Scott, "Determination f Ignition Temperature of Combustible Liquids and Gases" 20 (20): 238-241, 1948

26 D.R. Lide, "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th ed" CRC Press 1994

27 C.J. Hilado, "Autoignition Temperature of Organic Chemicals" 4 : 75-80, 1972

28 A.A. Kline, "An Overview of Compiling, Critically Evaluating, and Delivering Reliable property Data AIChE DIPPER Project 911 and 912" 150 : 421-428, 1998

29 J.C. Jones, "A Reappraisal of the Flash Point of Formic Acid" 15 : 241-243, 2002