“맑스(Marx)”에서 “스탈린(Stalin)”으로 - 맑시즘 민족론을 통해 본 소비에트 민족정책의 역사적 계보- = From Marx to Stalin: Marxist Engagement with National Question and Soviet Nationality Policy Revisited

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In a heuristic search to identify the origin of the Soviet nationality policy, this study traces the ideological genealogy of Marxist engagement with nationalism in the work of key Marxist thinkers, including Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Rosa Luxemburg, Otto Bauer, V. I. Lenin and I. V. Stalin. I argue that the original Marxist engagement with nation and nationalism was a “turning upside down” of Hegelian nation, which features a discriminative distinction between “historic” and “non-historic” nations according to the level of development. I argue that this distinction was inverted by the ensuing “national turn” of Marxism in the early twentieth century, a problematic process which was initiated by Otto Bauer, whose vindication of “non-historic” nations radically redesigned the old Marxist view on the national question. I finally argue that this national turn of Marxism culminated in the Bolshevik nationality policy with two ironic results: a privileged status of “non-historic” nations in the name of “oppressed” nations, and a creation of titular nationalities in the name of national liberation. Thus, I conclude that the Soviet nationality policy, by “nationally” turning upside down orthodox Marxism, achieved what the original Marxism purported “to dialectically aufheben”: a reincarnation of Hegelian nation.