1970년대 한국수출산업공단의 여성노동운동 = Women's Labor Movement of Korea Export Industry Corporation in 1970s

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글은 1970년대 한국수출산업공단의 여성노동자 투쟁을 근로조건개선 투쟁, 어용노조 민주화투쟁, 노동조합결성 투쟁, 1980년 계엄 속 노조결성 투쟁으로 유형화해서 여성노동운동의 특징을 살펴보았다. 우선, 여성노동자들은 종교단체나 노동야학의 지원을 받았고, 진정서 제출, 농성, 파업 등의 투쟁방식을 활용했다. 또, 1980년 계엄 상황에서 결성한 노조들은 국가의 직접적인 탄압을 받았다. 노조 활동을 한 곳에서는 노동조건개선 활동을 벌였고, 그중 삼원섬유노조는 민주노조도 성차별이 존재한다는 것을 보여주었다. 콘트롤데이타와 반도상사에서는 노조가 성차별 폐지실천을 했기 때문에 여성노동자들은 노동자 권리의식만이 아니라 여성문제를 인식할 수 있었다.
한편, 여성노동자들의 노동자의식은 이 시기 여성노동운동의 성격과 맞물려권리의식 차원에 있었다. 또, 이들은 노조의 성차별 폐지 활동을 통해, 육아 경험과 학습을 하면서, 성장 과정과 현장의 성희롱·성폭력의 경험이 여성노동자들의 생존문제와 맞물려서, 여성문제를 인식했다. 이처럼 여성노동자들은 노동자의식의 형성 과정은 유사했으나, 노동자의식과 여성의식 형성은 상호독립적이었고, 여성문제를 인식하는 과정에도 차이가 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examined the characteristics of the women's labor movement by categorizing the struggle of women workers in the Korean export industrial complex in the 1970s into the struggle to improve working conditions, the struggle to democratize labor unions, the struggle to form labor unions, and the struggle to form labor unions under martial law in 1980.
First of all, women workers were supported by religious groups and labor night schools, and used struggle methods such as petition submission, sit-ins, and strikes. In addition, unions formed under martial law in 1980 were directly oppressed by the state. In one of the union activities, the labor conditions were improved. Among them, the Samwon textile union showed that there was gender discrimination in the democratic union. On the other hand, in Control Data and Bando Corporation, because the union practiced abolition of gender discrimination, female workers were able to recognize not only workers' rights but also women's issues.
On the other hand, the workers' consciousness of women workers was in the level of consciousness of rights in line with the nature of the women's labor movement during this period. In addition, female workers recognized the problem of women as the anger about the growth process and sexual harassment and sexual violence in the field confronted the survival problem of female workers while doing the childcare process and learning through the union's abolition of gender discrimination. As such, women workers had a similar process of changing consciousness as workers, but the consciousness of workers and the formation of women consciousness were independent, and there was a difference in the process of recognizing women's problems.