Obesity is a global public health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Peru. Meanwhile, Universal Health Coverage, which aims to provide access to healthcare for all citizens, is anticipated by the international community ...
Obesity is a global public health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Peru. Meanwhile, Universal Health Coverage, which aims to provide access to healthcare for all citizens, is anticipated by the international community to contribute to disease prevention and management, including obesity. In Peru, governmental efforts are underway to introduce and expand insurance systems in order to achieve Universal Health Coverage. While high coverage rates have been achieved, some researchers suggest that disparities may exist in the health statuses of beneficiaries owing to differences in each insurance scheme. However, few studies have investigated the association between health insurance type and health status. Thus, this study aimed to address this research gap by exploring the relationship between insurance type and the prevalence of obesity, a condition known to be a precursor to multiple health complications.
The study analyzed records from 26,676 individuals from the 2021 Peruvian Demographics and Health Survey database. Analysis of variance and chi-squared tests were used to compare the characteristics among the uninsured, Public Integral Health Insurance (SIS), and Social Security Health Insurance (EsSalud) groups. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between insurance status and obesity, with adjustment for sociodemographic and comorbidity variables in the multivariate models.
After adjusting for all confounding variables, it was found that EsSalud had a positive association with the overweight/obesity status in both men and women (aOR: 1.154; 95% CI: 1.062–1.254; P=0.001; aOR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.069–1.28; P=0.001). In contrast, SIS was negatively associated with the overweight/obesity status in men (aOR: 0.823; 95% CI: 0.769–0.881; P<0.001), while it showed a slightly positive association in women (aOR: 1.098; 95% CI: 1.019–1.184; P=0.014).
The primary finding was that individuals enrolled in EsSalud, Peruvian social security health insurance, were more likely to be overweight/obese than those of the other groups, contradicting the anticipated trend of lower obesity rates among insurance subscribers owing to improved healthcare access. Furthermore, male subscribers of SIS were found to be less obese compared to non-subscribers, which can be interpreted through various aspects such as geographical and cultural factors. This discrepancy can be traced back to the design of the Peruvian insurance system, which targets specific demographics based on various criteria such as occupation, income, and social class.
In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate significant differences in the overweight/obesity and central obesity status of Peruvian adults based on the type of insurance coverage, and this trend varies by gender. In other countries with similar health insurance structures targeting different population segments, such as Mexico and Colombia, comparable patterns may be found, thus providing potential areas for future investigation. The results underscore the need for targeted interventions that account for disparities among different insurance groups to address obesity.