『논어』의 군자와 소인 : 성장과 쇠퇴의 정향을 가진 과정적 인간상 = junzi and xiaoren in the Analects of Confucius: as a human character orienting for the growth and the retrogression

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this thesis is to expiscate that junzi(君子) and xiaoren(小人) in the Analects of Confucius are progressive human who have orienting for the growth and the retrogression. So far, the research for junzi in academic world was so simple structure which listed items of virtue as moral obligation and gave an advice for the discipline one`s mind to obtain them. That kind of research has been contributed by succeeding to give an image of junzi, but It is hard to acknowledge only for the image itself to present overall understanding of junzi. Because junzi is not a final model who became a perfect human being but a human being who is in the progress toward orienting completion of himself. And xiaoren in opposite side is also progressive human being. We can see good diagram of The progressive human being in ``The heart of man`` by Erich Fromm. He presents diagram that human`s mind changes to growth syndrome or deterioration syndrome depends on three kinds of orienting. This thesis has been completed the diagram of relationship between junzi, xiaoren, and a middle person(zhongren;中人) by refering Erich Fromm`s diagram. I`ve placed the middle person who could be considered an average person in the center, from there the human who has orienting the growth toward upside are considered junzi, the human who has orienting the deterioration toward downward are considered xiaoren. And the human who reached to the highest level is called saint, the human who reached to the limit of lowest level is called tyrannizer. And I enhance the validity of the diagram of relationship by putting forward three orientations which determine the direction for growth or deterioration. The three orienting for the growth are renyi[仁義;humanity and righteousness], liyue[禮樂; propriety and music], xuexi[學習;learning], for the retrogression are buren[不仁; inhumanity], feili[非禮; uncourteous], abandon oneself were presented. we can get new point of view for junzi and xiaoren through this diagram of the relationship. The first, we can get a point of view that junzi is not a final model who became a perfect human being but a human being who is in the progress toward orienting completion of himself. The second, we can emphasis not only for the importance of junzi but also the dangerousness of xiaoren. The third, we can the point of view to focuss on the middle person who moves up and down between orienting the growth and the retrogression.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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