Preconditioning of Rabbit Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Polyglycolic Acid (PGA) Scaffold using Low-Intensity Ultrasound Improved Regeneration of Cartilage in Rabbit Articular Cartilage Defect Model = Preconditioning of Rabbit Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Polyglycolic Acid (PGA) Scaffold using Low-Intensity Ultrasound Improved Regeneration of Cartilage in Rabbit Articular Cartilage Defect Model

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated the effect of low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro on the repair of cartilage defect after implantation of the construct in vivo. Rabbit MSCs were cultured in the polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffold and preconditioned with (MSCs/US+) or without (MSCs/US-) LIUS stimulation during the chondrogenic differentiation for 1 week in vitro. The LIUS stimulation was carried out at the intensity of 200 mW/Cm2 every day for 20 min over a week. The constructs were implanted into the cartilage defects created in the rabbit femoral trochlea. The defect only was used as a negative control and rabbit chondrocytes seeded in PGA was used as a positive control, respectively. The repair of cartilage defect was examined at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after implantation, respectively. The gross observation showed that the articular cartilage defects were filled with the repaired tissue in all groups. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed, however, more intensive and widespread expression of proteoglycans and type II collagen in the MSCs/US+ group than in the MSCs/US- group. Fibrous tissues were observed mainly in the defect only group. The chondrocytes groups showed efficient repair of the defect by hyaline cartilage. In conclusion, this study suggested that LIUS preconditioning of MSCs in vitro could be an effective method to promote chondrogenesis of MSCs and repair of cartilage defect in vivo.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 SW O'Driscoll, "he chondrogenic potential of free autogenous periosteal grafts for biological resurfacing of major full-thickness defects in joint surfaces under the influence of continuous passive motion. An experimental investigation in the rabbit" 68 : 1017-1017, 1986

2 T Tanaka, "Use of a biphasic graft constructed with chondrocytes overlying a beta-tricalcium phosphate block in the treatment of rabbit osteochondral defects" 11 : 331-331, 2005

3 K Ebisawa, "Ultrasound enhances transforming growth factor beta-mediated chondrocyte differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells" 10 : 921-921, 2004

4 SH Park, "Tissue-engineered cartilage using fibrin/hyaluronan composite gel and its in vivo implantation" 29 : 838-838, 2005

5 TA Mahmood, "Tissue engineering of bovine articular cartilage within porous poly(ether ester) copolymer scaffolds with different structures" 11 : 1244-1244, 2005

6 HK Kim, "The potential for regeneration of articular cartilage in defects created by chondral shaving and subchondral abrasion. An experimental investigation in rabbits" 73 : 1301-1301, 1991

7 ZJ Zhang, "The effects of pulsed low-intensity ultrasound on chondrocyte viability, proliferation, gene expression and matrix production" 29 : 1645-1645, 2003

8 SR Park, "The effect of sonication on osteoarthritis. Part II: Alleviation of osteoarthritis pathogenesis by ultrasound with simultaneous hyaluronate injection" 31 : 1559-1559, 2005

9 D Noel, "Short-term BMP-2 expression is sufficient for in vivo osteochondral differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells" 22 : 74-74, 2004

10 RS Yang, "Regulation by ultrasound treatment on the integrin expression and differentiation of osteoblasts" 36 : 276-276, 2005

11 SR Frenkel, "Regeneration of articular cartilage-evaluation of osteochondral defect repair in the rabbit using multiphasic implants" 13 : 798-798, 2005

12 JH Cui, "Preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells with low intensity ultrasound for cartilage formation in vivo" 13 : 351-351, 2007

13 F Dell'Accio, "Molecular markers predictive of the capacity of expanded human articular chondrocytes to form stable cartilage in vivo" 44 : 1608-1608, 2001

14 S Wakitani, "Mesenchymal cell-based repair of large, full-thickness defects of articular cartilage" 76 : 579-579, 1994

15 QQ Wu, "Mechanoregulation of chondrocyte proliferation, maturation, and hypertrophy: ion-channel dependent transduction of matrix deformation signals" 256 : 383-383, 2000

16 BH Choi, "Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) stimulates the viability and matrix gene expression of human articular chondrocytes in alginate bead culture" 79 : 858-858, 2006

17 HJ Lee, "Low intensity ultrasound stimulation enhances the chondrogenic differentiation in alginate culture of mesenchymal stem cells" 30 : 707-707, 2006

18 RO Hynes, "Integrins: versatility, modulation and signaling in cell adhesion" 69 : 11-11, 1992

19 A Mobasheri, "Integrins and stretch activated ion channels; putative components of functional cell surface mechanoreceptors in articular chondrocytes" 26 : 1-1, 2002

20 B Johnstone, "In vitro chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells" 238 : 265-265, 1998

21 SD Cook, "Improved cartilage repair after treatment with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound" 391 : 231-231, 2001

22 MO Wright, "Hyperpolarisation of cultured human chondrocytes following cyclical pressureinduced strain: evidence of a role for alpha 5 beta 1 integrin as a chondrocyte mechanoreceptor" 15 : 742-742, 1997

23 S Wakitani, "Human autologous culture expanded bone marrow mesenchymal cell transplantation for repair of cartilage defects in osteoarthritic knees" 10 : 199-199, 2002

24 N Indrawattana, "Growth factor combination for chondrogenic induction from human mesenchymal stem cell" 320 : 914-914, 2004

25 C De Bari, "Failure of in vitrodifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells from the synovial membrane to form ectopic stable cartilage in vivo" 50 : 142-142, 2004

26 BH Min, "Effects of low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) stimulation on human cartilage explants" 35 : 305-305, 2006

27 CY Huang, "Effects of cyclic compressive loading on chondrogenesis of rabbit bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells" 22 : 313-313, 2004

28 JH Cui, "Effects of Low Intensity Ultrasound on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Embedded in Polyglycolic Acid (PGA)- An In Vivo Study" 12 : 75-75, 2006

29 M Mastrogiacomo, "Effect of different growth factors on the chondrogenic potential of human bone marrow stromal cells" 9 : 36-36, 2001

30 P Angele, "Cyclic hydrostatic pressure enhances the chondrogenic phenotype of human mesenchymal progenitor cells differentiated in vitro" 21 : 451-451, 2003

31 JE Gilbert, "Current treatment options for the restoration of articular cartilage" 11 : 42-46, 1998

32 BH Min, "Characterization of subpopulated articular chondrocytes separated by Percoll density gradient" 38 : 35-35, 2002

33 EB Hunziker, "Biologic repair of articular cartilage. Defect models in experimental animals and matrix requirements" 367 : 135-135, 1999

34 P Mainil-Varlet, "Articular cartilage repair using a tissue-engineered cartilage-like implant: an animal study" 9 : 6-6, 2001

35 JA Buckwalter, "Articular cartilage repair and transplantation" 41 : 1331-1331, 1998

36 H Mizuta, "Active proliferation of mesenchymal cells prior to the chondrogenic repair response in rabbit full-thickness defects of articular cartilage" 12 : 586-586, 2004