The Effect of Task-based Cooperative Learning Method on EFL Learners' Reading Anxiety in Reading Class

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 영어 중급수준 학습자의 성별 영어읽기 불안도와 그 해소를 위한 방법으로 과제중심협력학습을 50분 블록타임제 다인수 영어읽기수업에 적용하여 그 효과를 알아보는 데 있다.
대학교 중급 영어읽기수업에 참여하고 있는 80명의 학습자들 중 설문조사에 답한 67명을 대상으로 SPSS의 기술통계분석을 사용해서 분석하였다. 그 결과, 여성 학습자가 남성 학습자보다 영어읽기에서 더 많이 긴장한다는 일반적인 주장들 (i. e. Jafarigohar, 2012)과는 달리 학습자들의 성별이 영어읽기에 대한 긴장도와 별 관계가 없음을 보여 주었다. 그러나 수준별에 따라 학습자들이 영어읽기 참여하는 동안 긴장 및 초조감에 차이가 있음을 보여주고 있고, 이들의 읽기수업에서 이해효과와 읽기불안해소에 가장 도움을 주는 수업방식은 과제중심수업이었고 다음으로 강의식, 그리고 개별화 학습 순으로 나타났다.
이와 같이, 중급수준의 영어읽기 학습자에게는 과제중심 협력학습과 강의식을 병행하는 것이 읽기수업 불안감 해소와 수업에 효과적이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만, 다른 수준의 학습자들 대상으로 한 연구와 실험집단과 비실험집단 사이에는 비교연구를 통해 좀 더 일반화할 수 있는 바탕을 마련할 필요가 있다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Cubillo, P. C., "Using Task-based Instruction in an ESP Course in the Computer Center at the University of Costa Rica" 9 (9): 1-25, 2009

2 Haseli, M., "Two Models Compared: Problem-based Learning and Task-based Learning" 3 (3): 2004

3 Rojanacheewinsupond, p, "The use of Cooperative Task-based Learning in Improving Students’ English Pronunciation" 3 (3): 1-12, 2009

4 Rogers, C. R., "The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change, In The Carl Rogers reader" Houghton Mifflin 219-235, 1989

5 Scovel, T., "The effect of affect on foreign language learning: A review of the anxiety research, In Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications" Prentice Hall 15-23, 1991

6 Sanchez, A., "The Task-based Approach in language Teaching" 4 (4): 2004

7 Young, D. J., "The Relationship between anxiety and foreign language oral proficiency ratings" 19 (19): 439-445, 1986

8 Ellis, R., "The Methodology of Task-Based Teaching"

9 Praphruetkij, P., "The Effects of Cooperative Learning on Reading Skills of the Students at Rajabhat Institute Petchaburi, Petchaburi Province" Kasetsart University 2001

10 John G. Duxbury, "The Effects of Cooperative Learning on Foreign Language Anxiety: A Comparative Study of Taiwanese and American Universities" 3 (3): 2010

11 Jafarigohar, M, "The Effect of Anxiety on Reading Comprehension among Distance EFL Learners" 5 (5): 2012

12 Abu-Rabia, S, "Teachers’' role, learners’' gender differences, and FL anxiety among seventh-grade students studying English as a FL" 24 (24): 711-721, 2004

13 Kavaliauskienée, G., "Task-based Learning and Learning Outcomes in the ESP Classrooms" 7 : 2005

14 Nunan, D., "Task-based Language Teaching" Cambridge University Press 2004

15 Finch, A., "Supplementing secondary EFL textbooks" 16 : 96-107, 2004

16 Skehan, P, "Second Language Acquisition Research and Task-based Instruction, In Challenge and Change in Language Teaching" Heinemann 1996

17 Bernhardt, E. B., "Reading development in a second language: Theoretical, empirical, and classroom perspectives" Ablex 1991

18 Bernhardt, E. B., "Progress and procrastination in second language reading" 25 : 133-150, 2005

19 Allwright, R. L., "Problems in study of the teacher's treatment of learner error, In TESOL '75" TESOL 1975

20 Brown, H. D., "Principles of language learning and teaching (4th ed.)" Longman 2000

21 Horwitz, E. K., "Preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of a foreign language anxiety scale" 20 : 559-562, 1986

22 Vasa, R. A., "Neurobiology in anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, In Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents" Guilford Press 3-26, 2004

23 Spielberger, C. D., "Manual for the state-trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y)" Consulting Psychologists Press 1983

24 MacIntyre, P. D, "Language anxiety: its relationship to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages" 41 : 513-534, 1991

25 MacIntyre, P. D., "Language anxiety: a review of the research for language teachers, In Affect in foreign language and second language learning: a practical guide to creating a low-anxiety classroom atmosphere" McGraw-Hill 24-45, 1999

26 Horwitz, E. K., "Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications" Prentice Hall 57-63, 1991

27 Horwitz, E. K., "Language anxiety and achievement" 21 (21): 112-126, 2001

28 Hokmi, M, "Iranian ESP Students' Reading Comprehension in Task-based Language Teaching Approach" 19 (19): 2005

29 Iranmehr, A, "Integrating Task-based Instruction as an Alternative Approach in Teaching Reading Comprehension in English for Special Purposes: An Action Research" 1 (1): 142-148, 2011

30 Suwantarathip, O., "Implementing reading strategies in classroom" 32 (32): 69-77, 2012

31 MacIntyre, P. D., "How does anxiety affect foreign language learning: A reply to Sparks and Ganschow" 79 (79): 90-99, 1995

32 Young, D. J., "Giving priority to the language learner first, In Affect in foreign language and second language learning: A practical guide to creating a low-anxiety classroom atmosphere" McGraw-Hill 241-247, 1999

33 Saito, Y, "Foreign language reading anxiety" 83 : 202-218, 1999

34 Horwitz, E. K, "Foreign language classroom anxiety" 70 (70): 125-132, 1986

35 Zhao, Aiping, "Foreign Language Reading Anxiety: Investing English-Speaking University Students Learning Chinese as Foreign Language in the Unites States"

36 Saito, Y, "Foreign Language Reading Anxiety" 83 (83): 202-218, 1999

37 Aida, Y., "Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope’'s construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese" 78 : 155-168, 1994

38 Vazalwar, C., "Effect of anxiety on reading comprehension in english" 1 (1): 2011

39 Nunan, D., "Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom" Cambridge University Press 1989

40 Young, D. J., "Creating a low-anxiety classroom environment: What does language anxiety research suggest" 75 (75): 426-439, 1991

41 Johnson, D., "Cooperative learning: Increasing college faculty instructional productivity"

42 Kagan, S., "Cooperative learning" Kagan Publishing 1994

43 Pattanapichet, P., "Cooperative Learning: An Approach to Reduce Students’ Anxiety in Learning English"

44 Wichadee, S., "Cooperative Language Learning: Increasing Opportunities For Learning In Teams" 9 (9): 93-100, 2012

45 Richards, J. C., "Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching" CUP 1986

46 Spielberger, C. D., "Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research" Academic Press 1972

47 Sarason, I. G., "Anxiety, self-preoccupation and attention" 1 : 3-7, 1988

48 Eysenck, M. W., "Anxiety, learning and memory: A reconceptualization" 13 : 363-385, 1979

49 Zhang, L, "Anxiety of overseas students in Chinese reading" 4 : 77-83, 2002

50 Alpert, R., "Anxiety in academic achievement situations" 61 (61): 207-215, 1960

51 MacIntyre, P. D, "Anxiety and second language learning: Toward a theoretical clarification" 39 (39): 251-275, 1989

52 Wu, Hui-ju, "Anxiety and Reading Comprehension Performance in English as a Foreign Language" 13 (13): 273-, 2011

53 Young, D. J., "An investigation of students’ perspectives on anxiety and speaking" 23 (23): 539-553, 1990

54 Chastain, K., "Affective and ability factors in second language acquisition" 25 : 153-161, 1975

55 Willis, D., "A Framework for Task-based Learning" Longman 1996

56 Hsu, Tsu-Chia, "A Cooperative Task-based Learning Approach to Motivating Low Achieving Readers of English in a Taiwanese University"