COVD-QOL과 K-ARS 설문점수와 초등학교 어린이의 학업성취도간의 상관성 = Correlation between Academic Performances and Questionaire Scores of COVD-QOL and K-ARS for Elementary School Children

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We analyzed visual dysfunction and behavioral assessment scales of elementary school children using COVD-QOL and K-ARS questionnaires. From October 11 to 22, 2010, 1,090 students and parents respectively from an elementary school in the Gyeongnam region were targeted. The COVD-QOL questionnaire consists of 19 questions, and if the total evaluated score is 20 or higher, it is determined that visual dysfunction may be suspected. K-ARS questions consist of 9 odd-numbered questions and 9 even-numbered questions. Odd-numbered questions refer to inattention, and even-numbered questions refer to hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD may be suspected if the total score is 19 or higher. Academic performance evaluation was analyzed based on subject grades evaluated in the second semester of 2010 and the first semester of 2011. For subject selection, the average scores were used for reading and math for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd graders, and reading, math, social science, natural science, and English for 4th, 5th, and 6th graders. Correlation analysis of the COVD-QOL questionnaire scores answered by students and parents respectively showed a significant correlation (r=0.445) between the two groups. The frequency of parents who evaluated their children as 20 or higher on COVD-QOL and 19 or higher on K-ARS was 11.74% (128 people) and 7.48% (81 people), respectively. Children with visual dysfunction and ADHD had significantly lower academic performances in all subjects than the control group (p<0.01). Visual dysfunction can negatively affect academic performances and lead to learning disabilities. Therefore, periodic counseling and refraction will be necessary starting from the lower grades of elementary school.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 소유경 ; 노주선 ; 김영신 ; 고선규 ; 고윤주, "한국어판 부모, 교사 ADHD 평가 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도 연구" 대한신경정신의학회 41 (41): 283-289, 2002

2 박완주 ; 박신정 ; 황성동, "한국 학령기 ADHD 아동을 위한 인지행동중재의 효과 연구: 메타분석" 한국간호과학회 45 (45): 169-182, 2015

3 최선미 ; 이성욱, "폭주부족에 대한 시기능 훈련 임상 사례" 대한시과학회 9 (9): 451-458, 2007

4 주희진, "초등학생의 자기결정성 동기, 자기주도적 학습능력, 학업적 자기효능감, 학업성취의 인과관계" 학습자중심교과교육학회 11 (11): 237-259, 2011

5 이선행 ; 조현국 ; 박천만, "초등학생들의 양안시이상과 학업성취도와의 상관성 연구" 한국안광학회 18 (18): 481-487, 2013

6 안효영 ; 도승이, "초등 및 중학생의 교우 및 교사관계가 수업참여와 공부시간에 미치는 영향" 한국교육문제연구소 32 (32): 93-112, 2014

7 김재원 ; 박기홍 ; 최민정, "지역사회에서의 주의력결핍-과잉행동장애 선별기준에 대한 연구" 대한신경정신의학회 43 (43): 200-208, 2004

8 최영호 ; 최윤영, "소아 굴절검사방법에 따른 차이 비교 및 생활양식이 근시에 미치는 영향" 대한안과학회 46 (46): 1841-1847, 2005

9 Grölund, M. A., "Visual function and ocular features in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with and without treatment with stimmulants" 21 : 494-502, 2007

10 Anshel, J., "Visual ergonomics handbook" Taylor and Francis 18-19, 2005

11 Sarina Goldstand, "Vision, Visual-Information Processing, and Academic Performance Among Seventh-Grade Schoolchildren: A More Significant Relationship Than We Thought?" AOTA Press 59 (59): 377-389, 2005

12 Granet, D. B., "The relationship between convergence insufficiency and ADHD" 13 (13): 163-168, 2005

13 McWhirter, J. J., "The learning disabled child: a school and family concern" University Press of America 42-54, 1988

14 Kwon, O. N., "The gender difference in mathematics achievement by the difficulty level of the test" 7 (7): 199-209, 1997

15 Lee, S. H., "The effects of vision therapy on elementary school children with ADHD and binocular dysfunctions" Keimyung University 2012

16 Shin, H. S., "The effectiveness of vision therapy for general binocular dysfunctions in primary school children" Keimyung University 2009

17 Wanda Vaughn, "The association between vision quality of life and academics as measured by the College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life questionnaire" Elsevier BV 77 (77): 116-123, 2006

18 Maples, W. C., "Test-retest reliability of the college of optometrists in vision development quality of life outcomes assessments short form" 33 : 126-134, 2002

19 Maples, W. C., "Test-retest reliability of the college of optometrists in vision development quality of life outcomes assessments" 71 (71): 579-585, 2000

20 MOE (Ministry of Education, Korea), "Sample Survey results announcement about physical development, health, etc of elementary, middle and high school sudents"

21 Hoy S. Shin, "Relationship between accommodative and vergence dysfunctions and academic achievement for primary school children" Wiley 29 (29): 615-624, 2009

22 George J. DuPaul, "Parent and Teacher Ratings of ADHD Symptoms: Psychometric Properties in a Community-Based Sample" Informa UK Limited 20 (20): 245-253, 1991

23 American Optometric Association, "Optometric clinical practies guidelines:care of the patient with learning related vision pronlems"

24 Eric Borsting, "Measuring ADHD behaviors in children with symptomatic accommodative dysfunction or convergence insufficiency: a preliminary study" Elsevier BV 76 (76): 588-592, 2005

25 Harris, P., "Learning-related visual problems in Baltimore city : A long-term program" 33 : 75-115, 2002

26 Michael David Weiler, "Information Processing Deficits in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Inattentive Type, and Children with Reading Disability" SAGE Publications 35 (35): 449-462, 2002

27 Hoffman, L. G., "Incidence of vision fifficulties in children with learning disabilities" 51 (51): 447-451, 1980

28 Sun Haeng Lee, "Improvement of Vergence Movements by Vision Therapy Decreases K-ARS Scores of Symptomatic ADHD Children" Society of Physical Therapy Science 26 (26): 223-227, 2014

29 Eric Borsting, "Improvement in Academic Behaviors After Successful Treatment of Convergence Insufficiency" Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) 89 (89): 12-18, 2012

30 U O Bergqvist, "Eye discomfort and work with visual display terminals." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 20 (20): 27-33, 1994

31 Cooper, J., "Convergence insufficiency : incidence, diagnosis, and treatment" 49 : 673-680, 1978

32 KENT M. DAUM, "Convergence Insufficiency" Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) 61 (61): 16-22, 1984

33 Borsting, E., "Association of symptoms and convergence and accommodative insufficiency in school-age children" 74 (74): 25-34, 2003

34 Jang, S. H., "An empirical study on the basic learning skills of students in elemetary schools" 9 (9): 49-66, 1995

35 Bertil Sterner, "Accommodation and the relationship to subjective symptoms with near work for young school children" Wiley 26 (26): 148-155, 2006

36 오연수, "ADHD 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육경험에 관한 연구" 한국콘텐츠학회 19 (19): 252-264, 2019