아동의 정신건강, 부모애착, 스트레스가 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향 = Effects of Mental Health in Children, Parents Attachment and Stress on Smartphone Addiction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently, the age of those who use smartphone has become younger and the smartphone addiction rate is the highest in children and adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mental health in children, parents attachment and stress, which are major variables of smartphone addiction of children, on smartphone addiction. To this end, the following research questions were formulated.
First, is there difference in smartphone addiction by sociodemographic characteristics?
Second, is there difference in the characteristics of smartphone between the smartphone addiction risk user group and general user group?
Third, what are the effects of mental health in children (self-esteem, depression and anxiety), parents attachment and stress on smartphone addiction?
The subjects of this study were 458 smartphone users in grade 4-6 at 4 elementary schools in Jeonju-si and Gunsan-si, Jellabuk-do. Data were analyzed with frequency analysis, T-test, ANOVA, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 20.0 program. The results of the analysis are as follows:
First, as for the difference in smartphone addiction by sociodemographic characteristics, there was a significant difference in grade. This indicates that students in higher grade are more likely to have smartphone addiction.
Second, with regard to the difference in the characteristics of smartphone between the smartphone addiction risk user group and general user group, period of smartphone use, average daily use time and average daily use time for game had a significant effect on smartphone addiction. In particular, the period of smartphone use in the risk user group was the highest in 'elementary grade 3' and elementary grade 4,' while the average age when users first touched smartphone was 9.8 in Korean age (8 years old), indicating that the age of using smartphone is becoming younger. The average daily smartphone use time in the risk user group was the highest at ‘3 - 4 hours’ (27.9%), while in the general user group, the highest was at ‘1 - 2 hours.’ (29.8%) This suggests that the risk user group is exposed longer. It was also found that the smartphone use for game in the risk user group was ‘1 - 2 hours’(27.9%), which was higher than the general user group of ‘less than 30 minutes’(26.9%).
Third, as for the effect of mental health in children (self-esteem, depression and anxiety), parents attachment and stress on smartphone addiction, it was found that, among mental health, self-esteem had a negative effect, while depression and anxiety had a positive effect. This indicates that users with high self-esteem have lower possibility of smartphone addiction and users with high depression and anxiety have a higher likelihood of smartphone addiction. In parents attachment, it was found that parents attachment had a negative effect. This suggests that users with higher parents attachment have lower possibility of smartphone addiction. In the domain of stress, family stress and friend stress did not have a significant effect, while school stress had a positive effect, indicating that users with higher school stress have a higher likelihood of smartphone addiction.
As practical and policy implications, a self diagnosis scale for smartphone addiction needs to be developed for infants and children, as the age of smartphone use has become younger. In addition, more active attention and education for guidance and supervision for smartphone addiction are needed. For this, the present study suggests the need for a manual for the correct use of smartphone and an integrated system to prevent and treat addiction to reduce depression, anxiety and stress, which are the causes of smartphone addiction. Finally, an app for controlling the excessive use of smartphone needs to be developed, a service to block harmful information should be provided, and a measure needs to be prepared at a corporate level, considering the fact that the smartphone addiction rate of children in double-income families is higher.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract vi
• 제1장 서론 1
• 제1절 문제제기 1
• 제2절 연구의 목적 및 연구문제 5
• 제2장 이론적 배경 6
• 제1절 스마트폰 중독 6
• 1. 스마트폰의 개념 및 특성 6
• 2. 스마트폰 중독 8
• 제2절 아동의 정신건강과 스마트폰 중독 13
• 1. 아동의 정신건강과 스마트폰 중독 13
• 2. 자아존중감과 스마트폰 중독 15
• 3. 우울 및 불안과 스마트폰 중독 17
• 제3절 부모애착과 스마트폰 중독 19
• 1. 부모애착 19
• 2. 부모애착과 스마트폰 중독 20
• 제4절 스트레스와 스마트폰 중독 22
• 1. 아동의 스트레스 22
• 2. 스트레스와 스마트폰 중독 24
• 제3장 연구 방법 26
• 제1절 연구모형 26
• 제2절 연구대상자 및 자료수집 방법 27
• 제3절 측정 도구 28
• 1. 일반적 특성 28
• 2. 스마트폰 중독 28
• 3. 아동의 정신건강 30
• 1) 자아존중감 30
• 2) 우울 및 불안 31
• 4. 부모애착 31
• 5. 스트레스 32
• 6. 통제변수 33
• 제4절 자료 분석 방법 34
• 제4장 연구 결과 35
• 제1절 연구대상자 및 주요변수의 기술통계 35
• 1. 연구대상자의 인구사회학적 특성 35
• 2. 연구대상자의 스마트폰 관련 특성 37
• 3. 주요변수 간 상관관계 및 기술통계 41
• 1) 주요변수 간 상관관계 분석 41
• 2) 주요변수 기술통계 44
• 제2절 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 스마트폰 중독 45
• 제3절 스마트폰 중독 위험 사용자군과 일반 사용자군 간 비교 47
• 1. 스마트폰 중독 집단 특성 47
• 2. 성별에 따른 스마트폰 중독 집단 비교 50
• 3. 학년에 따른 스마트폰 중독 집단 비교 50
• 4. 부모 맞벌이 여부에 따른 스마트폰 중독 집단 비교 51
• 5. 스마트폰 사용 규칙 및 약속에 따른 스마트폰 중독 집단 비교 52
• 6. 스마트폰 주요 기능에 따른 스마트폰 중독 집단 비교 53
• 제4절 스마트폰 중독 위험 사용자군과 일반 사용자군 간 스마트폰 특성 비교 54
• 제5절 아동의 정신건강, 부모애착, 스트레스가 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향 57
• 제5장 결론 및 함의 61
• 제1절 연구결과 요약 및 논의 61
• 제2절 연구의 함의 64
• 1. 실천적 함의 64
• 2. 정책적 함의 68
• 제3절 연구의 한계 및 제언 70
• 참고문헌 71
• 부록 : 설문지 83