근대 초 잉글랜드의 계시적 전통과 헨리 모어의 계시적 사상 = The English Apocalyptic Tradition in the Early Modern Period and Henry More’s Apocalyptic Thought

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문의 목적은 캠브리지 플라톤주의자 헨리 모어(Henry More)의 계시적 사상을 17세기 종교적 상황에서 이해하는 것이다. 모어의 예언서 해석의 뼈대는 16세기 잉글랜드 프로테스탄트 계시적 전통에서 나온 것이다. 16세기 주석가들은 유럽의 종교개혁을 정당화하기 위해서 요한계시록을 비롯한 성서의 예언서 해석에 기반한 계시적 언어를 발전시켰다. 이들은 예언의 내용을 교회의 역사에 대입함으로써 근대 초 잉글랜드의 계시적 사상 형성에 기여했다.
모어는 16세기 계시적 전통에서 계시적 역사서술을 가져와 잉글랜드의 섭리적 역할을 강조하는 자신의 계시적 담론에 활용했다. 그는 미드의 해석을 적용하여 ‘적 그리스도’의 역사적 출현과 천년왕국의 예언적 성취에 대한 분석과 관련한 수많은 저서를 남겼다. 이를 바탕으로 종교개혁을 이끈 잉글랜드 세속권력자의 권위를 옹호하고 국교회의 종교적 우위를 합리화하려는 노력을 기울였다.
모어의 계시적 담론은 근대 초 잉글랜드의 계시적 전통을 받아들임과 동시에 당시의 종교적 상황에 따라 변용되었다. 당시 잉글랜드 국교도들은 왕정복고 이후 잉글랜드의 종교적 안정이 여전히 불안정하다고 생각했고 국교회를 위협하는 세력으로 가톨릭교회 뿐 아니라 무신론자와 제5왕국파를 비롯한 급진적 비국교도들을 지목했다. 따라서 모어의 계시적 담론은 가톨릭교회의 우상숭배적 관행과 교황의 월권을 비판하기 위한 상세한 분석을 담고 있다. 아울러 그는 무신론자의 종교관과 급진적 비국교도들의 광신주의를 논박하기 위해서 더욱 명료하고 엄정한 논증을 통한 예언서 해석을 내놓으려 노력했다. 결국 합리적 논증을 바탕으로 계시적 진리를 추구하려는 그의 사상적 노력은 그리스도교 계시적 전통과 과학적 사유가 공존하던 17세기 지적풍토의 한 단면을 보여준다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief explanation of the Cambridge Platonist Henry More’s apocalyptic thought within the context of religious circumstances in 17th century England. The framework of his apocalyptic interpretation is mainly rooted in the English Protestant apocalyptic tradition from the 16th century. Sixteenth-century Protestants’ apocalyptic language was based upon interpretations of biblical prophecies to justify the European Reformation. Their synchronization of prophetical images contributed to development of two patterns: English providential historiography, and Protestant sense of England, as an elect by divine providence.
These two patterns were also featured in More’s apocalyptic interpretation of the Scripture. Following Joseph Mede, one of the prominent apocalyptic writers, More wrote many works devoted to analyzing the history of the Antichrist and the prophetical achievement of the millennium. More’s prophetic understanding of ecclesiastical history was used to support authority of civil magistrate and demonstrate ascendancy of the Church of England above other religious dissenters.
It is important to note that More’s belief in the apocalypse developed in response to contemporary religious circumstances of 17th century England. Anglicans recognized the Established Church was being threatened by Catholics and radical dissenters including atheists, and the Fifth Monarchy men. More’s use of apocalyptic language was the response against idolatrous practices of the Roman Catholic Church and the pope’s tyrannical authority, conversely, the rational criticism of atheists’ irreligion and radical dissenters’ fanaticism. His endeavor to demonstrate apocalyptic truth through sober and accurate demonstration of the Scripture reveals that apocalyptic belief formed a significant part of the intellectual climate of Restoration England.

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