노인 고정관념의 억제와 오기억: 목표점화(goal priming) 및 망각지시의 비교 = Stereotype Control and Memory Illusion: A Comparison between Goal Priming and Forget Instruction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to compare false memory effects of goal priming and directed forgetting to control negative stereotypical informations about elderly adults. Participants, 22 male and 34 female university students listened to a news about increasing rates of elderly citizens in Korea living alone. This was followed by a lexical decision task with stereotypical and nonstereotypical words, to investigate the activation of aging stereotypes and to devide the participants into two groups according to high or low stereotype activation. After that, the participants read articles about young and elderly people either under the condition of goal priming or under the condition of the forget instruction. Finally, a recognition test was conducted based on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm to compare effects of these two conditions for false memory about stereotypical and nonstereotypical items between the two groups with high or low stereotype activation. The results indicated that the false recognition rates for stereotypical items were significantly higher in the high activation group with the forget instruction than in this group of the goal priming condition. However, there were no significant differences in the false recognition rates for the nonstereotypical items. These findings supported our hypothesis, that the forget instruction activates negative stereotypical information, which resulted in the memory illusion and the disruption of stereotype control. In addition, the false recognition rates under the condition of goal priming were lower than under the condition of the forget instruction, which might be interpreted as evidence for effective stereotype control. Implications of the outcome for stereotype control are discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 노인에 대한 평소의 부정적인 태도나 차별행동을 생각하게 하여 부정적인 노인 고정관념을 억제하는 목표로 암묵적으로 동기화하는 목표점화조건과 부정적인 노인 고정관념을 직접적으로 망각지시하는 조건에서 노인 고정관념에 대한 오기억(false memory)에서 차이가 나타나는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 56명의 대학생을 대상으로 부정적인 고정관념을 활성화하기 위해 실험도입부에 독거노인에 대한 뉴스를 청취하게 한 후 어휘판단과제에서 부정적인 노인 고정관념의 단어에 대한 반응시간을 토대로 고정관념이 활성화된 집단과 고정관념이 활성화되지 않은 집단으로 구분하였다. 이 후 목표점화 또는 망각지시의 조건에서 참가자들에게 노인에 대한 글을 읽도록 하고, Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM)의 패러다임을 토대로 재인과제를 실시하여 학습단계에서 제시되지 않은, 부정적인 고정관념 연관문장에 대한 오재인율을 분석하였다. 실험결과에서는 고정관념의 활성화, 지시유형 및 재인과제의 문장유형 간에 상호작용이 나타났다. 고정관념이 활성화된 집단에서는 망각지시의 조건에서 부정적인 노인 고정관념에 대한 오재인율이 목표점화의 조건보다 유의미하게 높았으며, 이러한 경향은 재인과제에서 노인고정관념과 연관된 문장에서만 나타났다. 이 결과는 고정관념 억제에 대한 직접적인 망각지시가 부정적인 고정관념을 더 많이 활성화시켜 오재인율을 높이는 데 비해 목표점화는 고정관념 억제를 암묵적으로 동기화시켜 고정관념이 활성화되는 것을 억제하는 것으로 설명할 수 있다. 논의에서는 고정관념 억제에 목표점화를 유용하게 활용할 수 있는 가능성 및 본 연구의 제한점과 후속연구를 위한 시사점을 다루었다.

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