사회운동론의 관점에서 본 민주화 운동의 성공: 멕시코 68 민주화 운동과 5·18 민주화 운동을 중심으로 = Social Movements Theory and the Success of Democratization Movements: A Comparative Analysis of the Mexico 68 Democratization Movement and the 5·18 Democratization Movement of Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper provides a theoretical tool to evaluate the success or failure of democratization movements from the perspectives of social movement theory. It reviews existing theoretical criteria and typologies for the success of social movements, and it attempts to provide a new approach by going back to the theoretical definition of social movements and their purposes. This endeavor allows the author to propose that the goal of democratization movements is the transformation of authoritarian power relations between the State and civil society. This paper also argues that the extent to which a democratization movement contributes to overcome such relations should be the indicator of success of a movement. To test the argument, this paper examines the Mexico 68 democratization movement and the 5·18 democratization movement of Korea. As a result, it becomes evident that despite apparent similarities as failed democratization movements violently repressed by the State, the two movements differ greatly in terms of their contribution to the further transformation of power relations between the State and civil society. In sum, this study provides a valuable theoretical tool to systematically measure the outcome of democratization movements and deepens our understanding of the two important democratization movements in Mexico and Korea.

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