동학농민혁명 <폐정개혁안>의 '청춘과부 改嫁를 허용할 사'에 대한 재고찰 = A Study on the Article of ‘Permission for Young Wodow’s remarriage’ in the Proposals for Reform made by Donghak Peasant Revolution

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

When we observe the argument on the permission for young widow's remarriage in the proposals for reform made by Donghak peasant revolution in the big boundaries of tradition and modern times, it was a breakthrough challenging the main ideologies which are loyalty, filial pity and integrity and was the starting point for the change of Society.
The argument on the Permission for young widow's remarriage was considered as possessing modernity and reformation and was perceived as the reform for Women problems since young widows are female.
However this reform plan is not just for women. In terms of providing women with the right of self determination, it can be acknowledged for improving the freedom of woman. It is not the innovative proposal for women but rather the proposal to solve the real problem of abolishing discrimination of concubines sons which men face since the real beneficiary is not young widows but the offsprings of widows.
Also in case of the lower class women, long before the proposal for the permission of remarriage, remarriage was common for a living. We have to compartmentalize the remarriage problem for young widows since it is in different status according to the class and rank.
The proposal for the reform for the permission for young widow's remarriage means the qualification of the examination, gwageo, should be also open to concubine sons, offsprings of remarried young widow.
Donghak peasant revolutionary leader asserted the abolishment of the caste system such as liberation of slaves which was viewed necessary for the traditional society and contended the permission for young widow's remarriage and argued that offsprings of remarried widow should not face discrimination.
The fact that many of the leaders of Donghak peasant revolution were concubine sons make us to assume that the breaking down the caste system embraced religious goals such as the equality of human rights as well as personal pent-up anger and hope.
They came to directly face the discrimination such as societal contempt and deprivation of the opportunity for a public office appointment because the mother was a remarried widow or a concubine.
The permission for young widow's remarriage was the public agenda which is connected with the personal experience at the same time.
Accordingly, this reform plan should not be accessed from the perspectives of women problems, but should be treated as the different appearances of the abolishment of discrimination for concubine sons.
Also the thoughts such as 'serving god with in me' and 'woman as the host of the family' by Choi Je-woo and Choi Si-Hyoung are the theoretical base for the permission for young widow's remarriage in the proposals for reform and received social supports. However as we analyze the theories, the DongHak peasant revolutionary leaders do not completely break out of the confucianism view of womanhood on one's duty. The perceivedness of womanhood by Choi Je-woo and Choi Si-Hyoung is rather an anti-modern view of womanhood.
Confucianism is the tradition for the East Asia society and feminism marks the start of the modern and reform. Confucianism and feminism can not exist together so the combination of their encounter is rather difficult in 1894 now.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머 리 말 1
• Ⅱ. 과부의 改嫁문제 5
• 1. 조선 전통사회의 개가문제 5
• 2. 1894년 전후 조선사회의 개가문제 8
• Ⅲ. 崔濟愚 ‧ 崔時亨의 여성평등인식 18
• 1. 최제우의 ‘侍天主思想·夫和婦順’ 18
• 2. 최시형의 ‘事人如天思想·女性家庭主人論’ 24
• Ⅳ. 맺 음 말 30
• 참고문헌 또는 인용문헌 33